Diagnosis 1

Question 1

What other issues do amblyopia patients have?

Answer 1

1. Ocular motility
2. Accommodation
3. Contrast sensitivity
4. Spatial distortion

Question 2

What are the issues with accommodation in amblyopic patients?

Answer 2

1. Decreased amplitude of accom.
2. Poor accommodative facility
3. Poor accuracy of accom.

Question 3

What are the issues with ocular motility in amblyopic patients?

Answer 3

1. Unsteady fixation
2. Drifts during fixation
3. Under/Overshoots saccades
4. Jerky, irregular pursuits

Question 4

Contrast sensitivity is ____ in amblyopic patients.

Answer 4

decreased

- esp at intermediate and high spatial frequency

Question 5

What are the 3 types of amblyopia?

Answer 5

1. Refraction
2. Strabismic
3. Form deprivation

Question 6

This is unequal refractive error in each eye.

Answer 6

Anisometropic

Question 7

This is equally high refractive error in both eyes.

Answer 7

Isoametropia

Question 8

What is considered sig RE for astigmatism?

Answer 8

Iso: >2.50D

Aniso >1.50D

Question 9

What is the sig. RE for myopia?

Answer 9

Iso > 6.00D

Aniso > 3.00D

Question 10

What is the sig RE for hyperopia?

Answer 10

Iso > 4.0D

Aniso >1.0D

Question 11

What are the criterion for strabismic amblyopia?

Answer 11

1. Must occur before 6
2. Constant and Unilateral
3. Mag doesn’t matter
4. More commonly to be ET

Question 12

This type of amblyopia is a constant, physical obstruction along the line of sight.

Answer 12

Deprivation Amblyopia (very uncommon)

• prevents a focused image from forming on the retina
• most potential to cause severe vision loss

Question 13

_____ deprivation causes more profound vision loss then ____ deprivation.

Answer 13

Unilateral than Bilateral

Question 14

What are the clinical findings relevant to determining how bad one’s deprivation amblyopia is?

Answer 14

1. time of onset

2. degree of obstruction

Question 15

Name 6 things that can cause deprivation amblyopia?

Answer 15

1. Congenital Cataract
2. Ptosis
3. Hyphema
4. Corneal opacity
5. Vitreal heme
6. Prolonged patching or cyclo

Question 16

This is a DDx of deprivation amblyopia. Characterized by ocular or neurological pathology/structural defect. Can be nutritional or toxic.

Answer 16

Organic Vision loss

Question 17

This is a DDx of depriv. amblyopia. Characterized by gradually progressive and painless loss of vision. Caused by dietary insufficiency.

Answer 17

Nutritional Vision loss

Question 18

What vitamin insufficiencies can cause nutritional visionloss?

Answer 18

Vitamin B1, 2, 6, 12

Question 19

This is a DDx of depriv. amblyopia. Characterized by sudden, bilateral vision loss, central scotoma. Due to exposure of methanol, quinine, mercury, lead or cocaine.

Answer 19

Toxic Vision Loss

Question 20

This is an emotional or psychological origin rather than physical origin to vision loss.

Answer 20

Psychogenic Vision Loss

Question 21

How does psychogenic vision loss compare to malingering?

Answer 21

Not purposefully or consciously doing this.

- Truly experiencing symptoms

Question 22

What is the most common sign of psychogenic vision loss?

Answer 22

Tubular Visual field

• does not change in size with change in distance
• check with tangent screen

Question 23

This is functional amblyopia that co-exist with ocular pathology/disease conditions.

Answer 23

Relative amblyopia