Diagnosis 1 Flashcards
What other issues do amblyopia patients have?
- Ocular motility
- Accommodation
- Contrast sensitivity
- Spatial distortion
What are the issues with accommodation in amblyopic patients?
- Decreased amplitude of accom.
- Poor accommodative facility
- Poor accuracy of accom.
What are the issues with ocular motility in amblyopic patients?
- Unsteady fixation
- Drifts during fixation
- Under/Overshoots saccades
- Jerky, irregular pursuits
Contrast sensitivity is ____ in amblyopic patients.
decreased
- esp at intermediate and high spatial frequency
What are the 3 types of amblyopia?
- Refraction
- Strabismic
- Form deprivation
This is unequal refractive error in each eye.
Anisometropic
This is equally high refractive error in both eyes.
Isoametropia
What is considered sig RE for astigmatism?
Iso: >2.50D
Aniso >1.50D
What is the sig. RE for myopia?
Iso > 6.00D
Aniso > 3.00D
What is the sig RE for hyperopia?
Iso > 4.0D
Aniso >1.0D
What are the criterion for strabismic amblyopia?
- Must occur before 6
- Constant and Unilateral
- Mag doesn’t matter
- More commonly to be ET
This type of amblyopia is a constant, physical obstruction along the line of sight.
Deprivation Amblyopia (very uncommon)
- prevents a focused image from forming on the retina
- most potential to cause severe vision loss
_____ deprivation causes more profound vision loss then ____ deprivation.
Unilateral than Bilateral
What are the clinical findings relevant to determining how bad one’s deprivation amblyopia is?
- time of onset
2. degree of obstruction
Name 6 things that can cause deprivation amblyopia?
- Congenital Cataract
- Ptosis
- Hyphema
- Corneal opacity
- Vitreal heme
- Prolonged patching or cyclo
This is a DDx of deprivation amblyopia. Characterized by ocular or neurological pathology/structural defect. Can be nutritional or toxic.
Organic Vision loss
This is a DDx of depriv. amblyopia. Characterized by gradually progressive and painless loss of vision. Caused by dietary insufficiency.
Nutritional Vision loss
What vitamin insufficiencies can cause nutritional visionloss?
Vitamin B1, 2, 6, 12
This is a DDx of depriv. amblyopia. Characterized by sudden, bilateral vision loss, central scotoma. Due to exposure of methanol, quinine, mercury, lead or cocaine.
Toxic Vision Loss
This is an emotional or psychological origin rather than physical origin to vision loss.
Psychogenic Vision Loss
How does psychogenic vision loss compare to malingering?
Not purposefully or consciously doing this.
- Truly experiencing symptoms
What is the most common sign of psychogenic vision loss?
Tubular Visual field
- does not change in size with change in distance
- check with tangent screen
This is functional amblyopia that co-exist with ocular pathology/disease conditions.
Relative amblyopia
