Diagnoses Flashcards
learning and academic difficulty
evidence of one of the following for at least 6 months (after interventions have been used)
incorrect spelling
problems with math reasoning
problems with math calculation and number sense
difficulty reading
problems understanding what is read
difficulty with grammar and syntax
down syndrome
happens when an individual has three #21 chromosomes instead of two.
childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
begins between ages 2 through 7. more common in males than females. can be controlled by removal of psychological stress at home. children who are told not to stutter, stutter more. treatment includes controlled and regular breathing as well as positive encouragement,
autism spectrum disorder
two categories of symptoms: 1) qualitative impairment in social interaction and qualitive impairment in communication. 2) restricted, repetitive, stereotyped behaviors (RRBs), interests, and activities
autism spectrum disorder signs
infant does respond to caregiver in an age appropriate manner
babies are not interested in cuddling, don’t smile, don’t respond to familiar voice.
three increasing levels of support .
autism spectrum disorder treatment.
focus on practical skills they will need to survive independently.
those that reach moderate level can be given direct vocational training.
ADHD
individuals display at least 6 symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity . onset must be before 12. must have persisted for at least 6 months. symptoms must not be motivated by anger or the wish to displease/spite others.
predominately inattentive type (adhd subtype)
diagnosed when individual has 6 or more symptoms of inattention and fewer then 6 symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity.
predominately hyperactive-impulsive type (adhd subtype)
diagnosed when there are 6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity and fewer then 6 of inattention.
combined type (adhd subtype)
diagnosed where are six or more symptoms of both hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention.
adhd treatment
ritalin and dexedrine combined with psychosocial interventions. helpful when parents are involved. classroom management for teachers.
conduct disorder
persistently violate either the rights of others or age-appropriate rules. little remorse about their behavior. likely to interpret behavior of other people as hostile or threatening.
life-course persistent type (conduct disorder subtype)
begins early in life and progressively gets worse. might be a result of neurological impairments, difficult temperament, adverse circumstances.
adolescence limited type (conduct disorder subtype)
a result of temporary disparity between individuals biological maturity and freedom. may commit antisocial acts with friends. common to display antisocial behavior persistently in one area of life but not others.
conduct disorder treatment
interventions most successful when done with preadolescents and include immediate family. rewarding good behavior and consistently punishing bad behavior.
oppositional defiant disorder
a pattern of negative, hostile, defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. less serious violations of others then conduct disorder. behavior motivated by interpersonal reactivity or resentful power struggle with adults.
tourettes syndrome
at least one vocal tic with multiple motor tics that appear together or at different times, before the age of 18. likely to have obsessions and compulsions, high levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and distractibility.
tourtettes syndrome treatment
haldol, orap to relieve symptoms, may amplify tics in some clients. clonidine or desipramine if this is the case to treat hyperactivity and inattention.
pica disorder
persistent eating of non-food substances , they do not show an aversion to food. must persist with symptoms for at least a month without the child losing interest in regular food. happens between 12 and 24 months.
anorexia nervosa
extreme restriction of food, irrational fear of gaining weight, distorted body image.
anorexia nervosa treatment
immediate goal is weight gain, cognitive therapy is often used.
bulimia nervosa
cyclical periods of binge eating, followed by purging. one binge per week for three months.
bulimia nervosa treatment
cognitive behavioral techniques and antidepressants .
generalized anxiety disorder treatment
multicomponent cognitive-behavioral therapy with SSRIS antidepressants and buspirone
panic disorder treatment
flooding combined with antidepressant medications.
phobias treatment
exposure combined with social skills and cognitive therapy. antidepressants and proparnolol are also helpful.
obsessive compulsive disorder
exhibits obsessions , compulsions or both. obsessions/compulsions last at least one hour and cause distress.
not caused by substance.
ocd treatment
exposure with response prevention with clomipramine or SSRI. stopping thought patterns.
PTSD treatment
cognitive behavioral approach: exposure cognitive restructuring anxiety management SSRIs
acute stress disorder
someone who persistently relieves the traumatic event to the point where he or she takes steps to avoid contact with things that bring the event to mind. experiences severe anxiety when thinking of event. symptoms occur for more the 3 days but less than a month.
conversion disorder
loss of bodily functions or symptoms of a serious physical disease in response to an acute stressor. they are not malingering. can be removed with hypnosis
somatic symptom disorder
involves a recurrent multiple somatic complaints but no symptom have been continuous. however some symptoms are present for at least 6 months. no physical explanation for symptoms.
illness anxiety disorder
someone who has an unrealistic preoccupation with having or getting a serious illness that is based on a misappraisal of bodily symptoms
disinhibited social engagement disorder
child has decreased hesitations regarding interacting with unfamiliar adults. does not question leaving normal caregiver to go off with a stranger.
reactive attachment disorder
child rarely seeks or responds to comfort when upset. developmentally-inappropriate or disturbed social relatedness in most settings. usually before the age of 5. to diagnose most include constant change/neglect from caregivers.
delirium
clinically significant deficit in cognition or memory as compared to previous functioning. individual must have disturbances in consciousness and either a change in personality or the development of perceptual abnormalities.
delirium treatment
aims at curing the underlying cause of the disorder and reducing the agitated behavior. antipsychotic drugs.
Alzheimer’s disease stage 1
first one to three years. mild anterograde amnesia. diminished visuospatial skills, manifests as wandering aimlessly.
Alzheimer’s disease stage 2
anywhere between second and tenth years. increasing retrograde amnesia, restlessness, delusions, amnesia, generally flat mood.
Alzheimer disease stage 3
between eighth and twelfth years. severely impaired intellectual functioning.
Alzheimer disease treatment
group therapy, antidepressants/antipsychotics, behavioral techniques, environmental manipulation, involving family
korsakoff syndrome
retrograde and anterograde amnesia due to thiamine deficiency
schizophrenia
a psychotic disorder that has one or more of the following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/thought, disorganized/catatonic behavior last more then 6 months.
schizophrenia treatment
antipsychotic medication combined with psychosocial intervention. family therapy. social skills training.
schizophreniform disorder
last for a period of one month but less then 6 months. at least two of the following: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, severely disorganized or catatonic behavior, avolition or diminished expression
brief psychotic disorder
delusion that has sudden onset and lasts less then one month.
delusional disorder
presence of a persistent delusion . delusion may be persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic, grandiose, or mixed
manic episode
an episode of significantly elevated, demonstrative, or irritable mood. significant goal directed behaviors. increase in amount of energy then patient normally has.
hypomanic episode
severe enough to be a clear departure from normal mood and functioning, not severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning or requiring hospitalization.
major depressive disorder
happens when someone has one or more major depressive episodes without history of manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes. usually occurs in mid-twenties
major depressive disorder treatment
antidepressants (SSRIs, TCAs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors) and psychotherapy. MOI is last resort.
persistent depressive disorder
for at least two years client experiences for most of the day, more days then not, a depressed mood. treatment includes antidepressant drugs and CBT/interpersonal therapy
bipolar disorder treatment
pharmacotherapy combined with psychotherapy. usually lithium or anticonvulsants if client doesn’t respond to lithium.
dissociative disorders
a disruption in consciousness, identity, memory, or perception of the environment. can’t be explained via substances or medical.
dissociative amnesia
when someone has more then one episode in which they are unable to remember important personal information and memory loss cannot be attributed to regular forgetfulness. likely to be related to traumatic event.
dissociative fugue
an abrupt unexpected purposeful flight from home with an inability to remember the past.
depersonalization/derealization disorder
when an individual has recurrent episodes in which they feel detached from their mental processes or body to surroundings.
paraphilic disorders treatment
in vivo aversion therapy, covert sensitization. medication named depo-provera
schizoid personality disorder
a pervasive lack of interest in relationships with others and limited range of emotional expression in contacts with others.
schizotypal personality disorder
pervasive social deficits, oddities of cognition, perception, or behavior.
paranoid personality disorder
pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness that involves believing the actions and thoughts of other people to be directed antagonistically against oneself.
borderline personality disorder treatment
DBT
histrionic personality disorder
excessive emotionality and attention seeking behavior.
dependent personality disorder
excessive reliance on others.
obsessive compulsive personality disorder
persistent preoccupation with organization and mental/interpersonal control.
avoidant personality disorder
involves feelings of anxiety or fearfulness. pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitive to negative evaluation.
