Diagnoses Flashcards
learning and academic difficulty
evidence of one of the following for at least 6 months (after interventions have been used)
incorrect spelling
problems with math reasoning
problems with math calculation and number sense
difficulty reading
problems understanding what is read
difficulty with grammar and syntax
down syndrome
happens when an individual has three #21 chromosomes instead of two.
childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
begins between ages 2 through 7. more common in males than females. can be controlled by removal of psychological stress at home. children who are told not to stutter, stutter more. treatment includes controlled and regular breathing as well as positive encouragement,
autism spectrum disorder
two categories of symptoms: 1) qualitative impairment in social interaction and qualitive impairment in communication. 2) restricted, repetitive, stereotyped behaviors (RRBs), interests, and activities
autism spectrum disorder signs
infant does respond to caregiver in an age appropriate manner
babies are not interested in cuddling, don’t smile, don’t respond to familiar voice.
three increasing levels of support .
autism spectrum disorder treatment.
focus on practical skills they will need to survive independently.
those that reach moderate level can be given direct vocational training.
ADHD
individuals display at least 6 symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity . onset must be before 12. must have persisted for at least 6 months. symptoms must not be motivated by anger or the wish to displease/spite others.
predominately inattentive type (adhd subtype)
diagnosed when individual has 6 or more symptoms of inattention and fewer then 6 symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity.
predominately hyperactive-impulsive type (adhd subtype)
diagnosed when there are 6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity and fewer then 6 of inattention.
combined type (adhd subtype)
diagnosed where are six or more symptoms of both hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention.
adhd treatment
ritalin and dexedrine combined with psychosocial interventions. helpful when parents are involved. classroom management for teachers.
conduct disorder
persistently violate either the rights of others or age-appropriate rules. little remorse about their behavior. likely to interpret behavior of other people as hostile or threatening.
life-course persistent type (conduct disorder subtype)
begins early in life and progressively gets worse. might be a result of neurological impairments, difficult temperament, adverse circumstances.
adolescence limited type (conduct disorder subtype)
a result of temporary disparity between individuals biological maturity and freedom. may commit antisocial acts with friends. common to display antisocial behavior persistently in one area of life but not others.
conduct disorder treatment
interventions most successful when done with preadolescents and include immediate family. rewarding good behavior and consistently punishing bad behavior.
oppositional defiant disorder
a pattern of negative, hostile, defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. less serious violations of others then conduct disorder. behavior motivated by interpersonal reactivity or resentful power struggle with adults.
tourettes syndrome
at least one vocal tic with multiple motor tics that appear together or at different times, before the age of 18. likely to have obsessions and compulsions, high levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and distractibility.
tourtettes syndrome treatment
haldol, orap to relieve symptoms, may amplify tics in some clients. clonidine or desipramine if this is the case to treat hyperactivity and inattention.
pica disorder
persistent eating of non-food substances , they do not show an aversion to food. must persist with symptoms for at least a month without the child losing interest in regular food. happens between 12 and 24 months.
anorexia nervosa
extreme restriction of food, irrational fear of gaining weight, distorted body image.
anorexia nervosa treatment
immediate goal is weight gain, cognitive therapy is often used.
bulimia nervosa
cyclical periods of binge eating, followed by purging. one binge per week for three months.
bulimia nervosa treatment
cognitive behavioral techniques and antidepressants .
generalized anxiety disorder treatment
multicomponent cognitive-behavioral therapy with SSRIS antidepressants and buspirone
panic disorder treatment
flooding combined with antidepressant medications.
phobias treatment
exposure combined with social skills and cognitive therapy. antidepressants and proparnolol are also helpful.