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Paramedic Drug Guide > Diabetic Medications > Flashcards

Diabetic Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

Glucagon (GlucaGen)

A

INDICATIONS- Altered LOC due to hypoglycemia. May be used as a reversal agent in beta and Ca++ channel blocker ODs

CONTRAINDICATIONS- Hyperglycemia, phenochromocytoma, insulinoma

DOSAGES- Hypoglycemia: 0.5-1mg IM; may repeat in 7-10 min. Ca++ channel blocker or beta blocker OD: 3-10mg IV slowly over 3-5 min. initially, followed by a 3-5mg/h infusion as necessary.

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2
Q

Dextrose (D50)

A

INDICATIONS- Hypoglycemia, coma

CONTRAINDICATIONS- Hyperglycemia, intracranial bleeding, hemorrhagic CVA

DOSAGES- 25grams (50mL)

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3
Q

Dextrose (D10)

A

INDICATIONS- Hypoglycemia, coma

CONTRAINDICATIONS- Hyperglycemia, intracranial bleeding, hemorrhagic CVA

DOSAGES- 25grams (250mL)

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4
Q

Oral Glucose

A

INDICATIONS- Hypoglycemia

CONTRAINDICATIONS- Hyperglycemia, decreased LOC, unable to swallow

DOSAGES- 1 tube

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5
Q

Insulin (Rapid-acting)

A

ONSET: About 15 minutes before mealtime

Lispro (Humalog)
Aspart (Novolog, FlexPen)
Glulisine (Apidra)

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6
Q

Insulin (Short-acting)

A

ONSET: 30 to 60 minutes before a meal

Regular Insulin (Humulin and Novolin)
Velosulin (for the use of the insulin pump)
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7
Q

Insulin (Intermediate-acting)

A

ONSET: Up to 1 hour prior to a meal

Insulin Isophane (Humulin N, Novolin N)

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8
Q

Insulin (Long-acting)

A 
Insulin glargine (Basaglar, Lantus, Toujeo)
Insulin detemir (Levemir)
Insulin degludec (Tresiba)
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9
Q

Insulin (Pre-mixed)

A

ONSET: Depending on the product, between 10 minutes or 30 to 45 minutes before mealtime

NovoLog Mix 70/30 (insulin aspart protamine-insulin aspart)
Humalog Mix 75/25 (insulin lispro protamine-insulin lispro)
Humalog Mix 50/50 (insulin lispro protamine-insulin lispro)
Humulin 70/30 (human insulin NPH-human insulin regular)
Novolin 70/30 (human insulin NPH-human insulin regular)
Ryzodeg (insulin degludec-insulin aspart)

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10
Q

Gabapentin (Fanatrex, Gabarone, Gralise, Neurontin)

A

Gabapentin is one of the many drugs licensed for treatment of neuropathic pain. Anticonvulsants are drugs used to prevent epileptic seizures or fits. Over the past seven years it has been widely used to reduce the pain of chronic neuropathy.

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11
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

These medications help your body break down starchy foods and table sugar. This effect lowers your blood sugar levels. For the best results, you should take these drugs before meals. These drugs include:

acarbose (Precose)
miglitol (Glyset)

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12
Q

Biguanides

A

Biguanides decrease how much sugar your liver makes. They decrease how much sugar your intestines absorb, make your body more sensitive to insulin, and help your muscles absorb glucose. The most common biguanide is metformin (Glucophage, Metformin Hydrochloride ER, Glumetza, Riomet, Fortamet).

metformin-alogliptin (Kazano)
metformin-canagliflozin (Invokamet)
metformin-dapagliflozin (Xigduo XR)
metformin-empagliflozin (Synjardy)
metformin-glipizide
metformin-glyburide (Glucovance)
metformin-linagliptin (Jentadueto)
metformin-pioglitazone (Actoplus)
metformin-repaglinide (PrandiMet)
metformin-rosiglitazone (Avandamet)
metformin-saxagliptin (Kombiglyze XR)
metformin-sitagliptin (Janumet)
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13
Q

Dopamine agonist

A

It’s not known exactly how this drug works to treat type 2 diabetes. It may affect rhythms in your body and prevent insulin resistance.

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

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14
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors

A

DPP-4 inhibitors help the body continue to make insulin. They work by reducing blood sugar without causing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). These drugs can also help the pancreas make more insulin. These drugs include:

alogliptin (Nesina)
alogliptin-metformin (Kazano)
alogliptin-pioglitazone (Oseni)
linagliptin (Tradjenta)
linagliptin-empagliflozin (Glyxambi)
linagliptin-metformin (Jentadueto)
saxagliptin (Onglyza)
saxagliptin-metformin (Kombiglyze XR)
sitagliptin (Januvia)
sitagliptin-metformin (Janumet and Janumet XR)
sitagliptin and simvastatin (Juvisync)
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15
Q

Glucagon-like peptides (incretin mimetics)

A

These drugs are similar to the natural hormone called incretin. They increase B-cell growth and how much insulin your body uses. They decrease your appetite and how much glucagon your body uses. They also slow stomach emptying. These are all important actions for people with diabetes. These drugs include:

albiglutide (Tanzeum)
dulaglutide (Trulicity)
exenatide (Byetta)
exenatide extended-release (Bydureon)
liraglutide (Victoza)
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16
Q

Meglitinides

A

These medications help your body release insulin. However, in some cases, they may lower your blood sugar too much. These drugs aren’t for everyone. They include:

nateglinide (Starlix)
repaglinide (Prandin)
repaglinide-metformin (Prandimet)

17
Q

Sodium glucose transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors

A

These drugs work by preventing the kidneys from holding on to glucose. Instead, your body gets rid of the glucose through your urine. These drugs include:

dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
dapagliflozin-metformin (Xigduo XR)
canagliflozin (Invokana)
canagliflozin-metformin (Invokamet)
empagliflozin (Jardiance)
empagliflozin-linagliptin (Glyxambi)
empagliflozin-metformin (Synjardy)
18
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

These are among the oldest diabetes drugs still used today. They work by stimulating the pancreas with the help of beta cells. This causes your body to make more insulin. These drugs include:

glimepiride (Amaryl)
glimepiride-pioglitazone (Duetact)
glimeperide-rosiglitazone (Avandaryl)
gliclazide
glipizide (Glucotrol)
glipizide-metformin (Metaglip)
glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase, Micronase)
glyburide-metformin (Glucovance)
chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
tolazamide (Tolinase)
tolbutamide (Orinase, Tol-Tab)
19
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

These medications work by decreasing glucose in your liver. They also help your fat cells use insulin better. These drugs come with an increased risk of heart disease. If your doctor gives you one of these drugs, they will watch your heart function during treatment. These drugs include:

rosiglitazone (Avandia)
rosiglitazone-glimepiride (Avandaryl)
rosiglitizone-metformin (Amaryl M)
pioglitazone (Actos)
pioglitazone-alogliptin (Oseni)
pioglitazone-glimepiride (Duetact)
pioglitazone-metformin (Actoplus Met, Actoplus Met XR)

Paramedic Drug Guide (6 decks)

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