Diabetic Emergencies Flashcards
symptoms of hypoglycaemia
shaking sweating anxious dizziness hunger tachycardia impaired vision weakness fatigue headache irritability
definition of severe hypoglycaemia
hypoglycaemia that leads to seizures, unconsciousness or the need for external assistance.
treatment of hypoglycaemia
consume 15-20g simple carbs or glucose
then give long acting carb
treatment of severe hypoglycaemia
glucagon 1mg injection
typical symptoms of DKA
thirst, polyuria abdominal pain vomiting Kussmaul breathing smell ketones on breath
common preciptants of DKA
illness infection new diagnosis non-compliance illicit drugs/alcohol
biochemical abnormalities in DKA
raised glucose raised potassium raised creatinine low sodium raised lactate raised blood ketones low bicarbonate raised amylase
DKA complications
cardiac arrest (hypokalaemia)
aspiration pneumonia
ARDS
cerebral oedema in kids
DKA treatment
IV saline 0.9% followed by dextrose when glucose falls to 15
insulin
potassium
ketone measured in urine
acetoacetate
ABGs seen in DKA
metabolic acidosis
who is affected by hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome
older people, with T2DM
who is affected by DKA
younger patients with T1DM
how to calculate osmolality
2Na + 2K + Urea + Glucose
two types of lactic acidosis
A - most common, associated with tissue hypoxaemia, infarcted tissue, cardiogenic shock and hypovolaemic shock
B - less common, may occur in liver disease or leukaemic states, associated with diabetics
