Diabetic Complications Flashcards
types of neuropathy
peripheral
autonomic
proximal
focal
what is peripheral neuropathy
pain/loss of feeling in feet/hands etc
what is autonomic neuropathy
changes in bowel/bladder function, sexual response, sweating, HR, BP, hypoglycaemic unawareness
what is proximal neuropathy
pain in thighs, hips, buttock, leading to weakness in legs
what is focal neuropathy
sudden weakness in one nerve or a group of nerves causing muscle weakness or pain
complications of peripheral nerve damage
infections/ulcers
Charcot
deformities
amputations
treatment of painful neuropathy
simple analgesia TCAs - amitryptilline gabapentin pre-gabalin stronger opioids topical capsaicin cream
example of autonomic neuropathy affecting GI system
gastroparesis
diagnosis of neuropathy
nerve conduction studies
heart rate variability
US
gastric emptying studies
what is Charcot foot
inflammation in the foot caused by neuropathy due to microfractures in the bones of the foot
midfoot collapse is a late feature
what does microalbuminuria signify
impending doom
repeat the test twice and becomes established if 2/3 +ve
what drug class is good for diabetic nephropathy
ACEi
why are ACEi helpful in nephropathy?
lower BP and reduce progression of diabetic nephropathy
reduce mortality
define the 5 stages of chronic kidney disease
CKD 1 - eGFR >=90 CKD 2 - eGFR 60-89 plus other markers of kidney damage CKD 3a - eGFR 45-59 CKD 3b - eGFR 30-44 CKD 4 - eGFR 15-29 CKD 5 - eGFR
eye disease associated with diabetes
retinopathy
cataracts
glaucoma
blurring cause by acute hyperglycaemia
