Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abs Endo > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

diagnosis of diabetes

A

fasting glucose >= 7mmol/l

random glucoe >=11mmol/l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HLA genes associated with T1DM

A

DR3-DQ2

DR4-DQ8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

classic triad of diabetes

A

polyuria
polydipsia
weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

measurement of glycaemic control

A

HbA1c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ideal range for HbA1c

A

48-58mmol/l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

microvascular complications

A

retinopathy
nephropathy
neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

child diagnosed at

A

neonatal diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is LADA

A

latent onset diabetes of adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

features of LADA

A

elevated levels of pancreatic auto-antibodies in patients with recently diagnosed diabetes who do not initially require insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

features of Wolfram syndrome

A 
diabetes insipidus 
diabetes mellitus
optic atrophy 
deafness 
neurological anomalies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

features of Bardet-Biedl syndrome

A 
obese 
polydactyly 
hypogonadal 
visual and hearing impairment 
mental retardation 
diabetes

occurs in consanguineous patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

main treatment in T1DM

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

usual regime for insulin

A

basal bolus - mimics normal endogenous production, taken before meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rapid acting analogues

A

Humalog (insulin lispro)
NovoRapid
Apidra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

short-acting insulins

A

Humulin S
Actrapid
Insuman Rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

intermediate acting insulins

A

Insulatard
Humulin I
Insuman Basal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

long-acting analogues

A

Lantus or Levemir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

rapid acting analogue-intermediate mixture

A

Humalog Mix25/Mix50 or NovoMix 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

short acting-intermediate mixture

A

Humulin M3

Insuman Comb 15/25/50

20
Q

Prandial insulins

- insulin analogues or soluble insulin

A 
Insulin aspart (NovoRapid), lispro (Humalog), glulisine (Apidra) 
Actrapid, Humulin S
21
Q

Basal insulins

  • isophane basal insulins
  • analogue basal insulins
A

Insulatard, Humulin I

Lantus, Levemir

22
Q

what is HbA1c

A

glycated haemaglobin on exposure to glucose

measures average blood glucose over a period of 6-8wks

23
Q

48mmol/mol

A

6.5%

24
Q

53mmol/mol

A

7%

25
Q

58mmol/mol

A

7.5%

26
Q

side effects of insulin injection

A

lipohypertrophy around site of injection

27
Q

T2DM is a mild inflammatory state - what happens?

A

increased CRP and more free fatty acids circulating which has an inhibitory effect on insulin receptors

28
Q

what is the major defect in T2DM

A

beta cell dysfunction - reduced ability of B cells to secrete insulin in response to hyperglycaemia

29
Q

what type of weight distribution puts people at more risk of T2DM

A

central obesity

30
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

high BP
high triglycerides
low HDL
insulin resistance

31
Q

inheritance of MODY

A

autosomal dominant

32
Q

is MODY insulin dependent?

A

no

33
Q

2 main classifications of MODY

A

glucokinase mutations

transcription factor mutations

34
Q

when do glucokinase mutations present

A

birth

35
Q

features of glucokinase mutations

A

stable hyperglycaemia
diet treatment needed
complications are rare

36
Q

when do transcription factor mutations present

A

adolescence

37
Q

features of transcription factor mutations

A

progressive hyperglycaemia
1/3 diet, 1/3 meds, 1/3 insulin
complications frequent
HNF 1a is SU sensitive

38
Q

what causes neonatal diabetes

A

potassium channel gene mutations

39
Q

how do you treat neonatal diabetes

A

insulin treatment within the first 3m of life

40
Q

2 types of neonatal diabetes

A

transient

permanent

41
Q

transient timeline

A

diagnosed

42
Q

permanent timeline

A

diagnosed 0-6wks

lifelong treatment with insulin required

43
Q

HbA1c target for diabetics

A

53mmol/mol

44
Q

blood glucose targets before a meal

A

4-7mmol/l

45
Q

blood glucose targets 1-2hrs post meal

A

less than ten

46
Q

what ketone is measured in the blood

A

2-beta-hydroxybutyrate

Abs Endo (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions