Diabetic Drugs

Question 1

side effects of sc insulin

Answer 1

hypoglycaemia
weight gain
lipodystrophy

Question 2

metformin is what class of drug

Answer 2

a biguanide

Question 3

mechanism of action metformin

Answer 3

increases insulin sensitivity

decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis

Question 4

side effects of metformin

Answer 4

GI upset

Lactic acidosis

Question 5

mechanism of action sulfonylureas

Answer 5

stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin

Question 6

side effects of sulfonylureas

Answer 6

hypoglycaemia
weight gain
hyponatraemia

Question 7

gliclazide and glimepiride belong to what class of drug

Answer 7

sulfonylureas

Question 8

mechanism of action pioglitazone

Answer 8

activate PPAR-gamma receptor in adipocytes

- promotes adipogenesis + fatty acid uptake

Question 9

side effects of pioglitazone

Answer 9

weight gain

fluid retention

Question 10

sitagliptin belongs to what class of drugs

Answer 10

DPP-4 inhibitors

Question 11

mechanism of action DPP-4 inhibitors (the ‘gliptins’)

Answer 11

increase incretin levels which inhibit glucagon secretion

Question 12

what does sitaglipin increase risk of

Answer 12

pancreatitis

Question 13

dapagliflozin belongs to what class of drug

Answer 13

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Question 14

mechanism of action SGLT-2 inhibitors (the ‘gliflozins’)

Answer 14

inhibit reabsorption of glucose in the kidney

Question 15

side effect of dapagliflozin

Answer 15

UTI

Question 16

mechanism of action GLP-1 agonists

Answer 16

mimics incretin which inhibits glucagon secretion

Question 17

example of GLP-1 agonist

Answer 17

exenatide

Question 18

how is exenatide given

Answer 18

subcutaenously

Question 19

what drugs cause weight loss

Answer 19

SGLT-2 inhibitors e.g. dapagliflozin

GLP-1 agonists e.g. exenatide

Question 20

which drug can cause a lactic acidosis

Answer 20

metformin

Question 21

which drug can cause hyponatraemia

Answer 21

sulfonylureas e.g. gliclazide

Question 22

which drug increases insulin sensitivity

Answer 22

metformin

Question 23

which drug stimulates insulin secretion

Answer 23

sulfonylureas

Question 24

which drug inhibits glucose reabsorption in the kidney

Answer 24

SGLT 2 inhibitors e.g. dapagliflozin

Question 25

which drug has biggest risk of hypoglycaemia

Answer 25

sulfonylureas

Question 26

what drugs are recommended in patients with heart disease

Answer 26

SGLT 2 inhibitors | GLP-1 inhibitors

Question 27

how long do rapid acting insulins take to work? | how long do they last?

Answer 27

take 10 mins to work | last 4 hours

Question 28

Humalog + novorapid are what type of insulin

Answer 28

rapid acting

Question 29

how long do short acting insulins take to work? | how long do they last?

Answer 29

take 30 mins to work | last 8 hours

Question 30

Actrapid + Humulin S + Insuman Rapid are what type of insulin

Answer 30

short acting

Question 31

how long do intermediate insulins take to work? | how long do they last?

Answer 31

take 1 hour to work | last 16 hours

Question 32

Insulatard + Humulin I + Insuman Basal are what type of insulin

Answer 32

Intermediate acting

Question 33

how long do long acting insulins take to work? | how long do they last?

Answer 33

Take 1 hour to work | last 24 hours

Question 34

Lantus + Levemir are what types of insulin

Answer 34

Long acting insulins

Question 35

what drug can cause weight gain

Answer 35

sulfonylureas

Question 36

HbA1c target patient taking 2 drugs or single drug associated with hypoglycaemia (e.g. Sulfonylureas)

Answer 36

53 mmol/L

Question 37

patients on what drug need to inform DVLA?

Answer 37

insulin | - need to have good hypo awareness + no episode of hypoglycaemia in last 12 months

Question 38

what drug is contraindicated in HF

Answer 38

pioglitazone

Question 39

what drug increases risk of bladder cancer

Answer 39

pioglitazone

Question 40

what drug is contraindicated in recurrent thrush

Answer 40

dapagliflozin

Question 41

what BMI does a patient need to be to be prescribed a GLP-1 agonist e.g. eventide

Answer 41

BMI >35

Question 42

peripheral oedema is a potential side effect of which drug

Answer 42

pioglitazone