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Year 4: Endocrine > Diabetic Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

side effects of sc insulin

A

hypoglycaemia
weight gain
lipodystrophy

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2
Q

metformin is what class of drug

A

a biguanide

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3
Q

mechanism of action metformin

A

increases insulin sensitivity

decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis

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4
Q

side effects of metformin

A

GI upset

Lactic acidosis

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5
Q

mechanism of action sulfonylureas

A

stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin

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6
Q

side effects of sulfonylureas

A

hypoglycaemia
weight gain
hyponatraemia

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7
Q

gliclazide and glimepiride belong to what class of drug

A

sulfonylureas

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8
Q

mechanism of action pioglitazone

A

activate PPAR-gamma receptor in adipocytes

- promotes adipogenesis + fatty acid uptake

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9
Q

side effects of pioglitazone

A

weight gain

fluid retention

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10
Q

sitagliptin belongs to what class of drugs

A

DPP-4 inhibitors

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11
Q

mechanism of action DPP-4 inhibitors (the ‘gliptins’)

A

increase incretin levels which inhibit glucagon secretion

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12
Q

what does sitaglipin increase risk of

A

pancreatitis

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13
Q

dapagliflozin belongs to what class of drug

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors

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14
Q

mechanism of action SGLT-2 inhibitors (the ‘gliflozins’)

A

inhibit reabsorption of glucose in the kidney

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15
Q

side effect of dapagliflozin

A

UTI

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16
Q

mechanism of action GLP-1 agonists

A

mimics incretin which inhibits glucagon secretion

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17
Q

example of GLP-1 agonist

A

exenatide

18
Q

how is exenatide given

A

subcutaenously

19
Q

what drugs cause weight loss

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors e.g. dapagliflozin

GLP-1 agonists e.g. exenatide

20
Q

which drug can cause a lactic acidosis

A

metformin

21
Q

which drug can cause hyponatraemia

A

sulfonylureas e.g. gliclazide

22
Q

which drug increases insulin sensitivity

A

metformin

23
Q

which drug stimulates insulin secretion

A

sulfonylureas

24
Q

which drug inhibits glucose reabsorption in the kidney

A

SGLT 2 inhibitors e.g. dapagliflozin

25
Q

which drug has biggest risk of hypoglycaemia

A

sulfonylureas

26
Q

what drugs are recommended in patients with heart disease

A

SGLT 2 inhibitors

GLP-1 inhibitors

27
Q

how long do rapid acting insulins take to work?

how long do they last?

A

take 10 mins to work

last 4 hours

28
Q

Humalog + novorapid are what type of insulin

A

rapid acting

29
Q

how long do short acting insulins take to work?

how long do they last?

A

take 30 mins to work

last 8 hours

30
Q

Actrapid + Humulin S + Insuman Rapid are what type of insulin

A

short acting

31
Q

how long do intermediate insulins take to work?

how long do they last?

A

take 1 hour to work

last 16 hours

32
Q

Insulatard + Humulin I + Insuman Basal are what type of insulin

A

Intermediate acting

33
Q

how long do long acting insulins take to work?

how long do they last?

A

Take 1 hour to work

last 24 hours

34
Q

Lantus + Levemir are what types of insulin

A

Long acting insulins

35
Q

what drug can cause weight gain

A

sulfonylureas

36
Q

HbA1c target patient taking 2 drugs or single drug associated with hypoglycaemia (e.g. Sulfonylureas)

A

53 mmol/L

37
Q

patients on what drug need to inform DVLA?

A

insulin

- need to have good hypo awareness + no episode of hypoglycaemia in last 12 months

38
Q

what drug is contraindicated in HF

A

pioglitazone

39
Q

what drug increases risk of bladder cancer

A

pioglitazone

40
Q

what drug is contraindicated in recurrent thrush

A

dapagliflozin

41
Q

what BMI does a patient need to be to be prescribed a GLP-1 agonist e.g. eventide

A

BMI >35

42
Q

peripheral oedema is a potential side effect of which drug

A

pioglitazone

Year 4: Endocrine (15 decks)

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