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Met 3b > Diabetic Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Metformin

A

Biguanide

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2
Q

Biguanide e.g.

A

Metformin

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3
Q

Metformin MOA

A

Decrease hepatic glucose production

Improve insulin sensitivity in liver + muscle

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4
Q

Metformin DOES NOT

A

Affect insulin secretion
induce hypoglycaemia
Predispose to weight gain

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5
Q

Metformin SEs

A 
Nausea
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Anorexia
Hypogylcaemia
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6
Q

Metformin CIs

A

Severe hepatic disease

Severe renal disease (CKD stage 4 or eGFR<36)

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7
Q

Metformin STOP IF

A

Tissue hypoxia e.g. sepsis
General anaesthesia
Before contrast medium containing iodine

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8
Q

Insulin Secretagogues

A

Sulfonylureas

Meglitinides

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9
Q

Sulfonylureas e.g.

A

Gliclazide
Tolbutamide
Glipizide

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10
Q

Gliclazide

A

Sulfonylurea

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11
Q

Sulfonylureas MOA

A

Oral
Increases insulin release from pancreas
Opens K+ channels in Beta cells

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12
Q

Sulfonylureas SEs

A

Hypoglycaemia

Weight gain

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13
Q

Meglitinides e.g.

A

Repaglinide

Nateglinide

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14
Q

Repaglinide

A

Meglitinide

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15
Q

Meglitinides MOA

A

Opens K+ channels in Beta cells to increase insulin release

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16
Q

Meglitinide MOA

A

Short acting
Promote postprandial release of insulin
Prandial glucose regulators (PGRs)

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17
Q

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)/Glitazones

A

Pioglitazone

18
Q

Pioglitazone

A

TZD

19
Q

TZD MOA

A

PPAR-gamma agonist
Receptor modulates gene transcription of regions controlling lipid metabolism in muscle, adipose tissue and liver
Decreases insulin resistance peripherally and increasing insulin sensitivity

20
Q

TZD Side effects

A 
Hypoglycaemia 
Weight gain
Fluid retention
HF
Liver impairment
Bladder cancer
Mild anaemia
Osteoporosis
Fractures
21
Q

TZD contraindications

A

Past/present HF

Osteoporosis

22
Q

GLP 1 receptor anaologues e.g.

A

Exenatide
Liraglutide
Lixisenatide

23
Q

Exenatide

A

GLP 1 receptor analogue

24
Q

GLP1 receptor analogues MOA

A

Increase GLP1
- augments insulin release, decreases glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, induces satiety, stimulates + preserves beta cells

25
Q

GLP1 use

A

Injected

Only in Overweight BMI>35 with poor glucose control

26
Q

GLP1 SEs

A

Nausea
Diarrhoea
Pancreatitis
Pancreatic cancer

27
Q

DPP4 inhibitors/Gliptins e.g.

A 
Sitagliptin
Vildagliptin
Alogliptin
Linagliptin
Saxagliptin
28
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DPP4 inhibitors

29
Q

DPP4 inhibitors MOA

A

Inhibit GLP1 breakdown

Oral once daily

30
Q

DPP4 inhibitors SE

A

Well tolerated

SE uncommon- nausea, acute pancreatitis

31
Q

Alpha Glucosidase inhibitors e.g.

A

Acarbose

32
Q

Acarbose

A

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor

33
Q

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor MOA

A

Decreases breakdown of starch into glucose

34
Q

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor SEs

A

Flatulence
Diarrhoea
Abdo pain/distension

35
Q

TZDs

A

Increase risk bladder cancer

36
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Increase glucose in urine

increase risk of thrush

37
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Can cause fluid retention

Contraindicated in patient with HF

38
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Cause weight gain

39
Q

Gliclazide overdose

A

Hyperinsulinaemia + high C peptide levels

40
Q

TZDs

A

Osteoporosis and fractures

Met 3b (21 decks)

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