Diabetic drugs Flashcards
Which OHGA cause weight loss?
Metformin(Biguanides), Exanetide (GLP-1 mimetics), Orlistat(lipase inhibitors)
How do Biguanides(metformin) work
Stimulate AMP activated protein kinase causing decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis
What are the side effects of Biguanides(metformin)?
Diarrhoea, nausea, lactic acidosis
How do Sulfonylureas (Gliclazie, Glimepiride) work ?
Sitmulate insulin secretion from the pancreas though closure of potassium channels on beta cells
What are the side effects of Sulfonylureas (Gliclazie, Glimepiride))?
Hypoglycaemia, skin rash, photo sensitivity
How do alpha glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose) work ?
Inhibit polysacharide absorption
What are the side effects of alpha glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose)?
Flatulence, abdominal discomfort
How do Thiazolidine-diones (Pio and Rosiglitazone) work ?
Activate nuclear PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) gamma receptors to regulate gene expression in numerous tissues, increase peripheral uptake of glucose and decrease hepatic glucose productio
What are side effects of Thiazolidine-diones (Pio and Rosiglitazone) ?
Fluid retention, CCF, oestoporosis and ? Increase in bladder cancer with Pioglitazone
How do GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide) mimetics ( subcut - Exenatide) work ?
Slows gastric emptying, suppressed glucagon secretion, stimulates insulin secretion, increases satiety
How do DPP-4 inhibitors (-gliptins) work?
Inhibits the degradation of GLP-1 , thus slowing gastric emptying, suppressing glucagone secretion.
How do SGLT-2 inhibitors (-gliflozins) work?
SGLT-2 is a glocose transporter in the PCT responsible for 90% of glucose resorption
What are side effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors (-gliflozins)?
Glucosuria, thus candida and UTI p.s gross
