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endocrine > diabetic drugs > Flashcards

diabetic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

metformin mechanism of action

A

inhibits complex 1 in the mitochondrial respiratory chain
lowering ATP > rise in AMP
then a reduction in gluconeogenesis

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2
Q

side effects of metaformin

A

diarrhoea and abdominal pain
lactic acidosis
weight neutral

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3
Q

is metformin a biguanide

A

yes

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4
Q

most common sulphonylureas

A

gliclazide

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5
Q

mechanism of action of sulphonylureas

A

glucose stimulated insulin secretion

causes insulin release independent of glucose > hypoglycaemia

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6
Q

side effects of sulphonylureas

A

weight gain
hypoglycaemia
increased risk of MI and CVD

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7
Q

PPARgamma ligands

A

regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism and therefore its synthetic ligands such as glitazones - the derivatives of thiazolidinediones

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8
Q

mechanism of action of TZD

A

Activate PPAR-gamma receptor in adipocytes to promote adipogenesis and fatty acid uptake

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9
Q

side effects of TZD

A

weight gain
fluid retention
fracture risk

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10
Q

example of TZD

A

pioglitazone

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11
Q

mechanism of action of GLP-1 agonists

A

incretin mimetic which inhibits glucagon secretion

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12
Q

how is incretins given

A

Subcutaneously

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13
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors mechanism of action

A

increases incretin levels which inhibit glucagon secretion

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14
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors mechanism of action

A

inhibits reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys

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15
Q

what type of drug is sitagliptin

A

DDP-4 inhibitor

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endocrine (6 decks)

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