Diabetes Nutrition

Question 1

How much salt is recommended in diabetes?

Answer 1

Less than 2300mg

Question 2

What percentage of calories should be from carbs?

How many grams per meal?

Answer 2

50%

45-60g CHO / meal for women. 60-75g CHO / meal for men.

Question 3

What percentage of calories should be from protein?

How many grams?

Answer 3

10-20%

.8-1.0 g/kg

Question 4

What is necessary w/ diabetic nephropathy?

Answer 4

Restrict K due to hyporeninemic hypoaldosteonism –> hyperkalemia

Question 5

What percentage of calories should be from fat?

Answer 5

30-35%

Question 6

Fiber recommendations

Answer 6

25g/day for women, 38g/day for men. 44-50g / day improve hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and lipemia, especially soluble fiber.

Question 7

Added sugar restrictions

Answer 7

Less than 24 g/day for women, less than 36 g/day for men.

Question 8

3 sugar alcohols
What percentage are absorbed?
2 main effects

Answer 8

• Sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol
• 50% of carbs are absorbed.
• Produce lower post-prandial glucose response.
• Potential laxative effect

Question 9

3 artificial sweeteners

Answer 9

Sucralose, aspartame, saccharin

Question 10

Fixed dose insulin vs intensive insulin regimen

Answer 10

• Fixed dose insulin regimen – consistent meal times from day to day w/ fixed amount of CHO per meal and snacks to match insulin dose.
• Intensive insulin regimen – insulin to carb ratio (ICR) determines basal insulin dose. Meal times are more flexible. Snacks are not required, but extra insulin is needed if snacks are eaten. A typical ICR ratio is 1 unit of insulin for every 15g CHO

Question 11

3 options for treating hypoglycemia

Answer 11

3 glucose tabs, ½ can of soda, or 4 oz of juice

15 g

Question 12

How many carbs need to be eaten for unplanned exercise

Answer 12

Unplanned exercise may require 10-15g of additional CHO for every hour of moderate exercise