Diabetes mellitus acute complications Flashcards
What are the acute complications of diabetes mellitus?
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS)
- Hypoglycemia
- Complications of insulin therapy
- Untreated insulin resistance
Acute complications can arise from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
What is DKA?
A state of absolute insulin deficiency requiring insulin, fluid resuscitation, and addressing the underlying cause.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and acidosis.
What is HHS?
A severe state of dehydration and hyperglycemia without ketosis, often occurring in insulin-sufficient states.
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State has high morbidity and mortality rates.
What are the symptoms of acute complications in diabetes?
- Weight loss
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria or nocturia
- Diplopia
- Infections (oral, thrush, UTIs, skin)
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Tachypnoea
Symptoms may vary depending on the specific complication.
What lab tests are used to assess acute complications of diabetes?
- Random glucose
- HbA1c
- Urine dip
- Capillary ketones
These tests help in diagnosing the severity and type of acute complications.
True or False: Hypoglycemia is a complication of diabetes treatment.
True
Advances in technology help protect against severe complications of hypoglycemia.
What factors can lead to acute complications in diabetes?
- Missed insulin doses
- New presentation of diabetes
- Pancreatic surgery
- Acute pancreatitis
These factors can exacerbate existing conditions or initiate new complications.
Fill in the blank: DKA is characterized by _______.
[absolute insulin deficiency]
This condition leads to metabolic derangements requiring urgent treatment.
What is the treatment for DKA?
Insulin, fluid resuscitation, and addressing the underlying cause.
Treatment is critical to prevent severe complications and mortality.
