Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

What is the treatment for patients with diabetes mellitus?

Answer 1

1. Dietary management
2. Exercise
3. Control of concurrent disease
4. Oral hypoglycemic drugs
5. Insulin treatment

Question 2

What are the treatment goals for diabetes mellitus?

Answer 2

The goal is to eliminate signs of life threatening effects of hyperglycemia.

Question 3

What is type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 3

It is the immune mediated destruction of beta cells which often leads to the complete loss of insulin secretion.

Question 4

What is type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 4

Insulin resistance and/or malfunctioning of beta cells and are differentiated into two types:

• Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
• all dogs and most cats fall under this
• Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
• 30-50% of cats

Question 5

What is secondary diabetes?

Answer 5

Due to the intolerance of carbohydrate secondary to concurrent insulin resistance disease such as:

1. Pregnancy
2. Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)
3. Acromegaly (Excessive growth hormones)

Question 6

What is non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetes?

Answer 6

• uncommon
• Profound hyperglycemia (BG>600mg/dL)
• Hyperosmolarity (>350 mOSm/L)
• Extreme dehydration
• CNS depression
• Absence of ketones
• Absence of metabolic acidosis

Question 7

What is the treatment for non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetes?

Answer 7

• IVF
• replace 80% of dehydration deficit over 12-24hours
• Insulin
• 2-4hours after IVF started at a lower dose 1.1 U/kg