Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
What are the different types of insulin?
Ultra fast acting
Fast acting
Intermediate acting
Biphasic
Ultra long acting
What are the types of insulin that are ultra fast acting?
Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine
What is the onset of action for Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine?
10-15 mins
What is the duration of action for Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine?
3-5 hours
What is the peak action for Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine?
45-90 mins
How is Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine administered?
Subcutaneous injection
What is the only short acting insulin?
Soluble Zn-insulin complex
When is short acting insulin administered?
In an emergency through an IV
What is the onset of action for the Zn-insulin complex?
30 mins
What is the duration of action for the Zn-insulin complex?
6-8 hours
What are the intermediate acting insulins?
Insulin formulated with Zn or protamine (protamine in phosphate buffer= isophane)
What is the ratio of insulin to protamine?
6:1
What is the onset of action of intermediate acting insulin?
1-3 hours
What is the duration of action of intermediate acting insulin?
18-20 hours
What is premixed insulin?
A combo of short and intermediate acting insulin. They are biphasic insulins
What is premixed insulin?
A combo of short and intermediate acting insulin. They are biphasic insulins
What are the long-acting insulins?
Glargine, Detemir and Degludec
What is premixed insulin?
A combo of short and intermediate acting insulin. They are biphasic insulins
What are the long-acting insulins?
Glargine, Detemir and Degludec
What are the long-acting insulins?
Glargine, Detemir and Degludec
What are the 3 preparations of premixed insulin?
30% soluble, 70% Isophane
25% Lispro, 75% Lispro Protamine
30% Aspart, 70% Protamine Aspart
What are the long-acting insulins?
Glargine, Detemir and Degludec
T or F - Glargine is conjugated with Zn molecules?
True
What is the onset of action of Glargine?
1 hour
What is the duration of action of Glargine?
24 hpurs
What is the onset of action of Detemir?
1-2 hours
What is the duration of action of Glargine?
24 hours
What is the onset of action of Detemir?
1-2 hours
What is the duration of action of Detemir?
20 hours
What is the onset of action of Degludec?
30-90 min
What is the duration of action of Degludec?
over 24 hours
What are the drug interactions of insulin that cause hyPERglycaemic effects?
Glucocorticosteroids, estrogens, glucagon, diuretics
What are the drug interactions of insulin that cause hyPOglycaemic effects?
Alcohol, Salicylates (asprin), Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors [Beta blockers mask hypoglycemia]
What are the drug interactions of insulin that cause hyPOglycaemic effects?
Alcohol, Salicylates (asprin), Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors [Beta blockers mask hypoglycemia]
What are the adverse effects of insulin therapy?
Lipohypertrophy/lipodystrophy
Hypoglycemia
Allergic skin rxns
