Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of insulin?

A

Ultra fast acting
Fast acting
Intermediate acting
Biphasic
Ultra long acting

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2
Q

What are the types of insulin that are ultra fast acting?

A

Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine

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3
Q

What is the onset of action for Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine?

A

10-15 mins

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4
Q

What is the duration of action for Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine?

A

3-5 hours

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5
Q

What is the peak action for Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine?

A

45-90 mins

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6
Q

How is Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine administered?

A

Subcutaneous injection

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7
Q

What is the only short acting insulin?

A

Soluble Zn-insulin complex

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8
Q

When is short acting insulin administered?

A

In an emergency through an IV

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9
Q

What is the onset of action for the Zn-insulin complex?

A

30 mins

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10
Q

What is the duration of action for the Zn-insulin complex?

A

6-8 hours

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11
Q

What are the intermediate acting insulins?

A

Insulin formulated with Zn or protamine (protamine in phosphate buffer= isophane)

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12
Q

What is the ratio of insulin to protamine?

A

6:1

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13
Q

What is the onset of action of intermediate acting insulin?

A

1-3 hours

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14
Q

What is the duration of action of intermediate acting insulin?

A

18-20 hours

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15
Q

What is premixed insulin?

A

A combo of short and intermediate acting insulin. They are biphasic insulins

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16
Q

What is premixed insulin?

A

A combo of short and intermediate acting insulin. They are biphasic insulins

17
Q

What are the long-acting insulins?

A

Glargine, Detemir and Degludec

18
Q

What is premixed insulin?

A

A combo of short and intermediate acting insulin. They are biphasic insulins

19
Q

What are the long-acting insulins?

A

Glargine, Detemir and Degludec

20
Q

What are the long-acting insulins?

A

Glargine, Detemir and Degludec

21
Q

What are the 3 preparations of premixed insulin?

A

30% soluble, 70% Isophane
25% Lispro, 75% Lispro Protamine
30% Aspart, 70% Protamine Aspart

22
Q

What are the long-acting insulins?

A

Glargine, Detemir and Degludec

23
Q

T or F - Glargine is conjugated with Zn molecules?

A

True

24
Q

What is the onset of action of Glargine?

A

1 hour

25
Q

What is the duration of action of Glargine?

A

24 hpurs

26
Q

What is the onset of action of Detemir?

A

1-2 hours

27
Q

What is the duration of action of Glargine?

A

24 hours

28
Q

What is the onset of action of Detemir?

A

1-2 hours

29
Q

What is the duration of action of Detemir?

A

20 hours

30
Q

What is the onset of action of Degludec?

A

30-90 min

31
Q

What is the duration of action of Degludec?

A

over 24 hours

32
Q

What are the drug interactions of insulin that cause hyPERglycaemic effects?

A

Glucocorticosteroids, estrogens, glucagon, diuretics

33
Q

What are the drug interactions of insulin that cause hyPOglycaemic effects?

A

Alcohol, Salicylates (asprin), Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors [Beta blockers mask hypoglycemia]

34
Q

What are the drug interactions of insulin that cause hyPOglycaemic effects?

A

Alcohol, Salicylates (asprin), Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors [Beta blockers mask hypoglycemia]

34
Q

What are the adverse effects of insulin therapy?

A

Lipohypertrophy/lipodystrophy
Hypoglycemia
Allergic skin rxns