Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
Type 1 Diabetes develops when?
Develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells.
Usually occurs in children & young adults although it’s onset can occur at any age.
When does type 2 diabetes occur?
Usually begins as insulin resistance, a disorder in which the body’s cells do not use insulin properly.
As the need for insulin rises, the pancreas gradually uses its ability to produce this hormone.
Gestational diabetes - how does this occur?
A surge of local and placental hormones together promote a state of insulin resistance.
What are the signs & symptoms of diabetes?
The 3 ‘P’s - Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia.
Weight loss.
Blurry vision.
Fatigue.
Nausea.
Vomiting.
Abdominal pain.
Candidial infections.
Frequent skin infections.
What is an endocrine emergency?
Ketone Acidosis
What are ketone bodies?
When fat is used as an energy source it is converted into ketones in the liver.
Free fatty acids are converted into ketone bodies.
These ketones then leave the liver & make their way to tissues via the blood stream.
What is ketone acidosis?
These ketones accumulate in the blood & urine which caused acidosis.
Acidosis leads to more tissue breakdown, more ketosis, more acidosis & eventually shock, coma & death.
What are Ketone acidosis signs and symptoms?
Hyperglycaemia.
Dehydration.
Fruity breath.
Deep, Rapid respirations.
Tiredness.
Confusion, passing out.
Nausea.
Increased urine output.
High BM.
Hypoglycaemia is another endocrine emergency. What can cause this?
Incorrect dosage of insulin.
Insufficient dietary intake.
Not taking medication regularly.
Increased physical activity.
Low BM.
What are the signs & symptoms of hypoglycaemia?
Confused.
Anxiety.
Tremors.
Weakness.
Loss of consciousness.
Mentally agitated.
Possibly aggressive.
Sweating.
Pallor.
Headache.
Slurred speech.
Impaired vision.
