Diabetes & Integument System

Question 1

Endogenous

Answer 1

Having an internal cause or origin

Question 2

Exogenous

Answer 2

Relating to or developing from external factors

Question 3

Polyphagia

Answer 3

Increased/Excessive Hunger

Question 4

Polydipisia

Answer 4

Excessive thirst

Question 5

Polyuria

Answer 5

Excessive urination

Question 6

NPO

Answer 6

Nothing by mouth

Question 7

Hypoglycemia

Answer 7

Low Blood sugar <60mg/dl
Symptoms: Sweaty, clammy, confused, light-headed dizzy double vision

Remember: I’m sweaty, cold and clammy…give me some candy. Need simple carb: apple juice, Graham Crackers, honey, fruit, hard candy
If unconscious in an acute setting. Give IV D50.

Organ problems: Glucose are sticky.glucose sticks to protein of vessels… become hard and form plaque. Atherosclerosis-heart disease, stroke, HTN, neuropathy, decreased wound healing, eye trouble, increased risk of infection.

Question 8

Hyperglycemia

Answer 8

High Blood sugar

Question 9

Neuropathy

Answer 9

Most common complications of diabetes. Related to both Metabolic and vascular factors with chronic hyperglycemia.
-Cause ischemia and demyleination which causes neural changes and delayed conduction.

Loss of pain, temperature and vibration sensations

Question 10

Retinopathy

Answer 10

Leading cause of blindness worldwide
Results from relative hypoxia, damage to retinal blood vesssels, red blood cell aggregation and hypertension (Small vessels become occluded, causes infarction)

Question 11

Nephropathy

Answer 11

Most common cause chronic kidney diand end stage kidney disease
50% of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic kidney disease
Glomerular basement membrane thickens and becomes sclerosed-thickened and hard, nonfunctional.

Question 12

Continous Glucose Monitoring

Answer 12

Primarily for home use and long term diabetics that monitor Glucose levels throughout the day. Some contain insulin pumps.

Question 13

Insulin resistance

Answer 13

A registration to the hormone insulin resulting in increasing blood sugar

Question 14

Exocrine

Answer 14

Pancreatic cells secrete directly into ducts (not blood stream)

Question 15

Endocrine

Answer 15

Cells secrete Insulin directly into bloodstream

Question 16

Ketone (urine ketones)

Answer 16

Protein in urine

Question 17

Basal insulin

Answer 17

Finish this

Question 18

Dermis

Answer 18

Layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis and above with subcutaneous layer. Vascular layer that provides strength and support for upper layer and provides protection for underlying muscles and

Question 19

Epidermis

Answer 19

Thin outer layer of the skin that is visible to the eye and works to provide protection for the body.

Question 20

Pallor

Answer 20

Loss of color, in black skin tones chan change to Grey color.
Look in the mucous membranes
Indications: anemia, shock 😲 😳 lack of blood flow (poor perfusion)

Question 21

Cyanosis

Answer 21

Blue discoloration, in brown skin tones can turn yellow brown or Grey
Nails beds, lips mucousa
Indications: hypoxia, impaired venous return

Question 22

Jaundice

Answer 22

Yellow discoloration
SclerSclerosis, mucous membranes
Indications: liver dysfunction (RBC destruction)

Question 23

Edema vs pitting edema

Answer 23

Non-pitting edema-usually in legs, ankles and feet

Pitting edema
0- absence
1+ 2mm depression barely detachable Immediate rebound
2+ 4mm deep pit. A few seconds to rebound
3 + 6mm deep pit 10-12 seconds to rebound
4+ very deep pit. >20 seconds to rebound

Question 24

Erythema

Answer 24

Redness, difficult to see in darker skin tones, palpate skin as well as to look for warmth and texture changes
Face, skin, pressure prone areas
Indications: inflammation, vasodilation, elevated body temp, sun exposure

Question 25

Shear

Answer 25

Sliding movement of skin and subcutaneous tissue when the muscles and bone are not moving. Cause damage to capillaries and cause ischemia. The dermal layer shears not so much of the epidermal layer.

Question 26

Friction

Answer 26

Two surfaces moving across one another.

Question 27

Pressure injuries (Three major factors involved in pressure injury development)

Answer 27

1. Pressure intensity
2. Pressure duration- low pressure over long period and high pressure over short period can cause pressure injuries
3. Tissue tolerance- low blood pressure, poor nutrition, aging, hydration status all affect tolerance.

Question 28

MASD ( Mositure Associated Skin Damage)

Answer 28

1.Incontinence Associated Dermatitis
2. Intertriginous Dermatitis
3. Periwound Moisture Associated Skin Damage
Peristomal Moisture Associated Skin Damage

Question 29

Incontinence

Answer 29

Uncontrollable bowels and urine output

Question 30

Intertriginous

Answer 30

Inflammatory dermatitis related to moist skin rubbing against each other. Common in bariatric patients.

Question 31

Acute (wound)

Answer 31

Process through normal timely repair process. Results in return to normal/sustained function and anatomical integrity
Ex: trauma/surgical incision

Question 32

Chronic (wound)

Answer 32

Wound that fails to proceed through normal healing process. Does not return to normal functions/anatomical integrity
Ex: pressure ulcer, vascular insufficiency wound

Question 33

Ischemia

Answer 33

Tissue with impaired/no oxygenation

Question 34

Necrosis

Answer 34

Tissue Death