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Endocrine System > Diabetes Drugs Summary > Flashcards

Diabetes Drugs Summary Flashcards

1
Q

What is first line treatment for diabetes?

A

Metformin

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metformin?

A

Improves insulin sensitivity by improving receptor function
Decreases FA synthesis and inhibits gluconeogenic pathways

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3
Q

What are the side effects of metformin?

A

GI upset
Lactic acidosis
Vit B12 malabsorption

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4
Q

What are types of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Gliflozins - Canagliflozin, Empagliflozin and Dapagliflozin

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Gliflozins - SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Inhibit SGLT2 channels in proximal tubule causing increased Glc excretion in urine

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6
Q

When are SGLT2 inhibitors used?

A

2nd line therapy in those with increased CV risk
1st line therapy in high CV risk and metformin not tolerated

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7
Q

What are the risks of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

DKA
Cl in pregnancy and breast feeding
Can not be used in renal impairment

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8
Q

What are types of DPP4 inhibitors?

A

Gliptins - Saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin
2nd or 3rd line agent

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of DPP4 inhibitors?

A

Release incretin gut hormones to increase insulin and decrease glucagon

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10
Q

What are types of Sulphonylureas?

A

Gl…ides
Glimepiride, Gliclazide and Glipizide

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11
Q

When are Sulphonylureas used in treatment?

A

Used for osmotic symptoms or if HbA1c is rapidly increasing

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sulphonylureas?

A

Binds to sulphonylurea receptors on beta cells and act to increase insulin secretion

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13
Q

What are the risks of sulphonylureas?

A

Hypoglycaemia, Cl in pregnancy and breast feeding and caution in renal and hepatic impairment

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14
Q

What is a type of thiazolidinediozine?

A

Pioglitazone

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pioglitazone?

A

Works on liver, muscle and adipose tissue
Selectively stimulates PPAR gamma and modulates transcription of insulin sensitive genes
This reduced insulin resistance

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16
Q

What are the risk factors of Pioglitazone?

A

Increased risk of bladder cancer, fluid retention, weight gain and fractures in females

17
Q

What are types of GLP-1 analogues?

A

…tides
Exenatide, liraglutide and lixisenatide

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of GLP-1 analogues?

A

They are incretin mimics so cause an increase in insulin production and decrease glucagon
Injectable analogues have prolonged half lives

19
Q

What are the risks of GLP-1 analogues?

A

Nauseas and Cl in pregnancy and breast feeding

Endocrine System (23 decks)

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