Diabetes drugs Flashcards
Sulfonylureas
promote insulin release, hypoglycemia risk, impaired B-cell production, cardiovascular toxicity
Glipizide
sulfonylurea
Glyburide
sulfonylurea
Glimepiride
sulfonylurea
Detemir
long acting insulin
decreases A1c
gradual release all day long
sticks together lightly for slow release
lower risk of hypoglycemia
Aspart
rapid acting insulin
decreases A1c
molecules separate quickly
leave SubQ space faster
Lispro
rapid acting insulin
decreases A1c
molecules separate quickly
leave SubQ faster
Glargine
long acting insulin
decreases A1c
gradual release all day long
sticks together lightly for slow release
lower risk of hypoglycemia
Degludec
long acting insulin
decreases A1c
gradual release all day long
sticks together lightly for slow release
lower risk of hypoglycemia
Metformin
glucophage
decreases hepatic glucose production
decreases intestinal glucose absorption
sensitizes target cells to insulin
Side effects: lactic acidosis, B12 deficiency, diarrhea, anorexia, dyspepsia
Interaction: cimetidine
SGLT2 Inhibitor
increases urinary excretion of glucose (decreasing A1c)
w. loss, decrease BP
Side effects: hypotension, UTI, renal dysfunction
Dapagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
Empagilflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
Incretin
simulates insulin release when eating
decreases risk for hypoglycemia
loss of appetite (w. loss)
doesn’t burn out pancreas
decrease glucagon, increase insulin
GLP1 Analogs
more potent incretin
NAUSEA and VOMITING**
can cause acute pancreatitis and thyroid c-cell tumors
slow gastric emptying (can cause drug absorption issues)
“-glutide” drugs
Liraglutide
GLP1 Analog
Dulaglutide
GLP1 Analog
Semaglutide
GLP1 Analog
DPP-IV Inhibitors
PO
less potent than GLP1 Analog
well tolerated
low risk of hypoglycemia, GI adverse effects, pancreatitis
Sitagliptin
DPP-IV inhibitor
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
decreases insulin resistance
can cause: fluid retention, edema, weight gain
Side effects: myocardial infarction, CV death, bladder cancer
