Acid Suppressants

Question 1

What is the main acid producing cell of the stomach?

Answer 1

parietal cell

Question 2

What do H2RAs block?

Answer 2

H2 histamine receptor
prevents H+ from being pumped into the stomach (pH goes up, becomes less acidic)

Question 3

Ranitidine

Answer 3

H2RA

Question 4

Famotidine

Answer 4

H2RA

Question 5

what interactions occur with H2RAs?

Answer 5

CYP450 inhibition, ADH inhibition, OCT inhibition (transporter that secretes drugs in urine)

Question 6

PPIs

Answer 6

“-prazole” drugs
inhibits proton pump in order to make stomach less acidic
enters through blood in small intestine
most powerful acid suppressant

side effects: nausea, diarrhea, headache, increased fracture risk, abdominal pain, vitamin and mineral malabsorption

Question 7

Omeprazole

Answer 7

PPI

Question 8

Esomeprazole

Answer 8

PPI

Question 9

Lansoprazole

Answer 9

PPI

Question 10

Pantoprazole

Answer 10

PPI

Question 11

Antacids

Answer 11

-neutralizes secreted acid directly through chemical reactions
-rapid relief of heartburn and dyspepsia
-not long-lasting effects
(10-30 min to 3 hr)
-side effects: constipation, diarrhea, neurotoxicity, hypophosphatemia, acid rebound
-renal dysfunction pt should never take aluminum salt antacids
-interactions: increase gastric pH (effects drug absorption rates), can take these with other drugs because half-life is so short

Question 12

typical antacids

Answer 12

magnesium salts, aluminum salts, calcium salts

Question 13

Sucralfate

Answer 13

forms a viscous paste in acidic solutions (stomach)
sucrose sulfate binds positively charged proteins in base of ulcers/erosions
Side effects: bezoar formation, constipation, neurotoxicity, hypophosphatemia