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CVDM > Diabetes and Cognitive Function > Flashcards

Diabetes and Cognitive Function Flashcards

1
Q

Does the hypothalamus have a blood brain barrier?

A

No

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2
Q

Does the hippocampus have a blood brain barrier?

A

Yes but it is leaky

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3
Q

Name some diabetes related insults to the central nervous system

A

Haemodynamic impairments
Vascular dementia
Changes in integrity and function of blood brain barrier
Hypoglycaemia
Hyperglycaemia

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4
Q

How is the brain protected from hyperglycaemia?

A

Down regulation of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3

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5
Q

How is the brain protected from hypoglycaemia?

A

Up-regulation and re-distribution of GLUT-1

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6
Q

Name some diabetes associated risk factors for cognitive dysfunction

A

Hypoglycaemia
Hyperglycaemia
Insulin resistance
Macrovascular disease and cerebrovascular accident

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7
Q

What is cognitive function?

A

The intellectual process involved in perception, thinking, reasoning and remembering

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8
Q

What domains does cognitive function involve?

A

Memory
Attention and concentration
Abstract thinking
Construction ability
Speed of information processing

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9
Q

How does T1D affect the frontal lobe?

A

Slowing of information processing
Negative effect on attention

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10
Q

What is affected in the parietal lobe by T1D?

A

Psychomotor efficiency

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11
Q

What is affected in the occipital lobe by T1D?

A

Visuoconstriction

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12
Q

What is affected in the temporal lobe by T1D?

A

Mental flexibility

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13
Q

True or false:
Late onset hypoglycaemia is associated with disturbed spatial memory in T1D?

A

False
Early onset hypoglycaemia is associated with disturbed spatial memory in T1D

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14
Q

How is brain structure affected by hypoglycaemia and/or hyperglycaemia in T1D?

A

Brain atrophy
Less white matter in poor cognitive performance

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15
Q

What 3 things influence impaired performance in T1D?

A

Age
Disease duration
Number and severity of hypoglycaemic episodes

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16
Q

What is the increase in risk for Alzheimer’s disease in patients with insulin resistance?

A

2-3 fold increase risk

17
Q

What 4 risk factors are common to both T2D and Alzheimer’s?

A

Lifestyle
Age
Diet
Genes

18
Q

Which cognitive domains are negatively affected in T2D?

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe

19
Q

What is affected in the frontal lobe by T2D?

A

Memory
Executive function

20
Q

What is affected in the parietal lobe by T2D?

A

Psychomotor speed

21
Q

Changes in brain structure seen in medial temporal lobe on MRI in patients with T2D

A

Significant reduction in hippocampal volume and amygdala volume

22
Q

What is lipid peroxidation?

A

Lipid membrane damage due to oxidation

23
Q

What is protein carbonisation?

A

Adding a carbon to a protein group

CVDM (16 decks)

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