Diabetes and Cognitive Function Flashcards
Does the hypothalamus have a blood brain barrier?
No
Does the hippocampus have a blood brain barrier?
Yes but it is leaky
Name some diabetes related insults to the central nervous system
Haemodynamic impairments
Vascular dementia
Changes in integrity and function of blood brain barrier
Hypoglycaemia
Hyperglycaemia
How is the brain protected from hyperglycaemia?
Down regulation of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3
How is the brain protected from hypoglycaemia?
Up-regulation and re-distribution of GLUT-1
Name some diabetes associated risk factors for cognitive dysfunction
Hypoglycaemia
Hyperglycaemia
Insulin resistance
Macrovascular disease and cerebrovascular accident
What is cognitive function?
The intellectual process involved in perception, thinking, reasoning and remembering
What domains does cognitive function involve?
Memory
Attention and concentration
Abstract thinking
Construction ability
Speed of information processing
How does T1D affect the frontal lobe?
Slowing of information processing
Negative effect on attention
What is affected in the parietal lobe by T1D?
Psychomotor efficiency
What is affected in the occipital lobe by T1D?
Visuoconstriction
What is affected in the temporal lobe by T1D?
Mental flexibility
True or false:
Late onset hypoglycaemia is associated with disturbed spatial memory in T1D?
False
Early onset hypoglycaemia is associated with disturbed spatial memory in T1D
How is brain structure affected by hypoglycaemia and/or hyperglycaemia in T1D?
Brain atrophy
Less white matter in poor cognitive performance
What 3 things influence impaired performance in T1D?
Age
Disease duration
Number and severity of hypoglycaemic episodes
What is the increase in risk for Alzheimer’s disease in patients with insulin resistance?
2-3 fold increase risk
What 4 risk factors are common to both T2D and Alzheimer’s?
Lifestyle
Age
Diet
Genes
Which cognitive domains are negatively affected in T2D?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
What is affected in the frontal lobe by T2D?
Memory
Executive function
What is affected in the parietal lobe by T2D?
Psychomotor speed
Changes in brain structure seen in medial temporal lobe on MRI in patients with T2D
Significant reduction in hippocampal volume and amygdala volume
What is lipid peroxidation?
Lipid membrane damage due to oxidation
What is protein carbonisation?
Adding a carbon to a protein group
