Diabetes Flashcards
Insulin Function:
To decrease blood glucose levels after meals
- Facilitates the passage of glucose into the cells
- Insulin keeps a steady supply of glucose going into the cells
If insulin is produced in insufficient amounts or if cell membranes are not sensitive to the action of the insulin…
Cells become starved for glucose
-Functional levels of tissues and organs in the body degrade
High blood glucose is related to:
- Elevated blood levels of Triglycerides
- Chronic inflammation
- Increase blood pressure
- Hardening of the arteries
Signs/Symptoms of Diabetes
- Increase thirst
- increase hunger
- blurred vision
- frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
Type 1 Diabetes
- @ 5% - 10% of diabetes cases
- Autoimmune disease
- Onset usually occurs @11-12 usually before 40
- Usually develops when’s person’s own immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas (Cause is not understood yet)
Managing Type 1 Diabetes
Blood glucose levels are managed by regular meals at planned times in specific amounts - diets are designed to match insulin dose so blood glucose levels remain with in a normal range (people living with type 1 diabetes are urged to replace simple sugars with artificial sweeteners, food low in glycemic index, high in fiber)
Why should activity be part of managing Type 1 Diabetes?
Activity should be part of diabetes plan because it improves blood glucose level, fitness and insulin and utilization
How much insulin is required to manage Type 1 Diabetes?
Amount of insulin required depends on exercise, diet, and other conditions (pregnancy stress) – to figure it out people with type 1 measure their blood glucose level # of times a day
Insulin Pumps (Managing Type 1 Diabetes)
Deliver programmed doses of insulin and are combined with continuous glucose monitors that check blood glucose levels
Gestational Diabetes
-Estimated that about 9% of women in the US develop gestational diabetes
-Women are insulin resistant, can control glucose levels with diet and exercise some may need medication
-Often disappear after delivery (type 2 may occur after delivery or later in life)
Risk
Who is at risk for Gestational Diabetes
- Native Americans, African Americans, Asian are at higher risk
- Women over the age of 35
- Obese women
- Sedentary women
Risks for Infants born to poorly controlled diabetes (Gestational Diabetes)
Risk of being excessively fat, have blood glucose problems after delivery
Type 2 Diabetes
Most likely to occur in overweight/obese
- Most often diagnosed in people over 40 (Increase diagnosis in children and adolescents)
- Pancreas makes insulin but cells become resistant to the insulin
Insulin Resistance
- Abnormalities in the way the body uses insulin
- Cell membranes resist the affect of the insulin and the blood glucose can not get into the cells is converted to glycogen or fat
- The body responds by signaling the pancreas to make more insulin (Increase production of insulin keeps blood glucose level under control for a time (years) eventually the beta cells in the pancreas become exhausted and reduce insulin production
- Decrease in glucose supplies forces the body to mobilize triglycerides from the liver, muscles and fat stores to meet the need for energy
- Increase blood levels of triglycerides promote fatty liver disease
Insulin Resistance is also related to
The development of metabolic abnormalities – increase the risk for heart disease type 2 diabetes
