Cardiovascular Health and Heart Health Nutrition

Question 1

Heart Disease

Answer 1

• Disorders that are due to inadequate blood circulations to parts of the heart
• Develops over time
• Build up of plaque decreases the blood flow to the heart (Atherosclerosis: Narrowing of the arteries aka hardening of the arteries)
• When arteries are narrowed by over 50% the shortage of blood to the heart can produce chest pain

Question 2

Heart Disease Risk Factors

Answer 2

There are multiple dietary and other risk factors for heart disease that need to be addressed

• A leading cause of death in the US (Both incidence of and death rates are declining in the US)
• Decrease is related to: Risk factor reduction and Improved treatment

Question 3

Atheriosclerosis

Answer 3

Causes of increase plaque formation:

• *High levels of LDL cholesterol
• *Chronic inflammation
• Low levels of HDL
• Genetic

Question 4

Cholesterol

Answer 4

• Should be under 200
• 200-239 = borderline
• Over 240 are high risk

Question 5

Lipoproteins

Answer 5

Cholesterol bounds with protein in blood (LDL and HDL)

Question 6

LDL

Answer 6

Low Density Lipoprotein

• Carries more cholesterol than HDL
• More likely to contribute to inflammation and plaque buildup

Question 7

HDL

Answer 7

High Density Lipoprotein

• Helps remove cholesterol from the blood to the liver and out of the body
• Reduces the formation of plaque helps prevent oxidation and inflammation in plaque

Question 8

Cholesterol Risk Factors

Answer 8

• Genetics
• High Blood Pressure/Hypertension
• Cholesterol: High levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs
• Inactive
• Insulin Resistance and Chronic Inflammation
• Tobacco
• High BMI (Obesity)
• Age
• Diet: High consumption of Transfat, refined carbohydrate, added sugar

Question 9

Carbohydrate Intake and Heart Disease Risk

Answer 9

• Encouraged the intake of whole grains and legumes and fiber rich nutrients
• Increase in foods high in refined carbohydrates and added sugars elevate blood glucose, triglycerides, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, weight gain which increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease

Question 10

The Statins (Cholesterol Medication)

Answer 10

• Reduce LDL levels and inflammation

- Heart disease have many factors (Not the only answer to heart disease)

Question 11

Stroke

Answer 11

• 5th leading cause of death in the USA

- Block of blood supply to the part of the brain or blood vessel burst – brain becomes damage or dies

Question 12

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 12

Blood clot or particles block the blood to the brain

blood vessel burst in the brain

Question 13

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 13

Blood builds up and damages the surrounding tissue

Question 14

Stroke Risk Factors

Answer 14

• History: Previous stoke/transient ischemic attack
• Heart Disease
• Sickle Cell Disease: Linked to ischemic stroke
• High Blood Pressure
• Diet
• Activity Level: Inactivity
• Obesity
• High Cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Tobacco
• Alcohol (too much)

Question 15

Stroke Help

Answer 15

FAST