Diabetes Flashcards
Describe type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes
%? of occurrence
How many more variations
1 : autoimmune diease, body attacks insulin producing cells 10%
2: lifestyle, build up of glucose causes resistance 90%
Gestational: Most often around 24 weeks, hormone change causes insulin resistance. 5%
11 more variations of diabetes
Symptoms
split into more common in type one and other
1 : weight loss, hyperventiliation, nasua, acetone breath, lethargy
others: blurred vision, polyuri, glycosuria
4Ts. Toilet, Thirsty, Tired, Thinner
How is diabetes diagnosed
Sympotoms plus
- random blood sugar of 11.1+
- fasting as 7+
- GTT
- HBA1c blood test (sticky sugar tests) 48+mol
- diabetes specific antibody titres
Main complications of diabetes Eyes Kidneys Neuropathy Brain Heart Extremities
retinopathy, glucoma, cataracts overwokred kidney peripheral NS increased risk of stroke cornorary heart diease lack of blood flow to extremities.. slow wound healing
what does DKA stand for
Diabetic ketoacidosis
What happens in the body during DKA
blood sugars keep on rising and dont stop
there is a severe lack of insulin so cant use glucose for energy
so bodily tissues are broken down for energy, which releases ketones as a bi product
Why are ketones being released during DKA a problem
ketones are poisonous
If untreated can lead the body / blood to become acidic
Symptoms of DKA
vomiting breathing difficulties sweet smelling breath high ketones in urine polyoligurea
What is the main risk of DKA in pregnancy
stillbirth
When does gestational diabetes often occur
24-28 wks
Why does GDM occur
due to the pregnancy hormones causing insulin resistance
What drug is used to treat diabetes
An what is taken before, how much and why
Metformin
5mg of folic acid , reduces risk in already diabetic mothers
Risk factors of developing GDM?
BMI over 30 Age Prev large baby Prev gestational diabetes Family history of type 2 Ethnicity (black car, south aisian, middle eastern) Previous unexplained still birth
What are the risks to the pregnancy of gestational diabetes
Shoulder marcosomia (large baby) shoulder dystocia IOL or intervention increase stillbirth neonatal hypoglycemia
Why is risk the same for babys conceived in pre-existing diabetes environments?
The level of blood sugar is higher than usual in uterus which can lead to poor placentation stage and affects organs (organogensis)
