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NRS 210 exam 1 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

what is diabetes mellitus

A

is a chronic multisystem disease characterized by hyperglycemia related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both.

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2
Q

what # leading cause of death is diabetes

A

7th

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3
Q

what does diabetes contribute to

A

heart disease and stroke

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4
Q

_ and _ people have diabetes

A

1 and 9

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5
Q

what is the goal of managing diabetes

A

euglycemia

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6
Q

what is euglycemia

A

normal glucose levels

BG: 70-140

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7
Q

what is hypoglycemia

A

low glucose levels

BG: less than 70

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8
Q

what is hyperglycemia

A

high glucose levels

BG: over 140

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9
Q

what is the normal fasting blood sugars

A

70-100

usually no food for 8 hours

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10
Q

what is the normal fed blood sugars

A 
70-140
have eaten (euglycemia)
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11
Q

what is the criteria for testing for diabetes

A

ALL OVERWEIGHT ADULTS +

  • physical inactivity
  • first degree relative with DM
  • high risk race
  • females who had overweight babies
  • hypertension
  • women with polycystic ovary syndrome
  • abnormal lipid levels
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12
Q

what is the over weight BMI

A

over 25

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13
Q

what is the overweight BMI for asians

A

23

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14
Q

If over the age of 45 and the results are normal how many years do you need to get checked

A

every 3

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15
Q

insulin is a hormone secreted by the

A

beta cells in the islets of the pancreas

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16
Q

what is anabolic activity of insulin

A

is stored as storage hormone

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17
Q

what is catabolic activity of insulin

A

glycogen to glucose breakdown

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18
Q

what are the couterregulatory hormones

A

increase blood sugars

  • glucagon
  • epinephrine
  • growth hormone
  • cortisol
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19
Q

where is glucagon secreted

A

alpha cells of pancreas

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20
Q

where is epinephrine secreted

A

adrenal medulla

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21
Q

where is growth hormone secreted

A

pitutiary

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22
Q

where is cortisol secreted

A

adrenal cortex

23
Q

what are the characteristics of type 1 diabetes

A
  • young, before 40
  • thin
  • poly symptoms
  • ketosis
  • abrupt onset followed by honeymoon
24
Q

what is polyuria

A

frequent urination

25
Q

what is polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

26
Q

what is polydispia

A

excessive thirst

27
Q

what is the etiology of type 1 diabetes

A

autoimmune
environmental trigger
genetic predisposition
progressive beta cell destruction

28
Q

what is the etiology of type 2 diabetes

A

insulin resistance
beta cell defect
adipokines
abnormal hepatic glucose regualtion

29
Q

what babies are more likely to have type 2 diabetes

A

born with low birth weight

30
Q

what % of population have type 2 diabetes

A

90-95%

31
Q

what are some characteristics of type 2 diabetes

A
  • insidiuos onset= slow
  • ketosis-resistant
  • polys plus fatigue, visual change, weight loss, recurrent infections
32
Q

what countries are high for type 2 diabetes

A

china and asia

33
Q

which genetic influence is highest for type 2 diabetes

A

native americans
hispanic
african americans

34
Q

what is the criteria for diagnosis of type 2

A
  • random plasma glucose greater than 200 with class poly symptoms
  • fasting plasma glucose greater than 126
  • oral glucose tolerance test greater than 200
  • A1C greater than 6.5%
  • must be confirmed on a different day
35
Q

what is the oral glucose tolerance test

A

given a lot of sugar and then test

36
Q

what is the A1C

A

average blood sugar over 2-3 months

37
Q

what is the first question before testing blood sugars

A

when they last ate

38
Q

what are the diabetes prevention program

A

maintain minimum 7% weight loss

  • 150 min of physical activity per week
  • healthy diet
39
Q

what is the normal fasting state

A

less than 100

40
Q

what is the pre diabetes fasting state

A

greater than 100

41
Q

what is the diabetes fasting state

A

less than 126

greater than 100

42
Q

what is the normal fed state

A

less than 140

43
Q

what is the pre diabetes fed state

A

less than 200

greater than 140

44
Q

what is the diabetes fed state

A

greater than 200

45
Q

women with gestational diabetes have a higher risk for

A

C section

babies with birth injury, neonatal complications or prenatal death

46
Q

women with gestational diabetes have a high risk for what after pregnancy

A

type 2 diabetes within 16 years

47
Q

what do carbohydrates do with blood sugar

A

increase

48
Q

excessive amount of alcohol will lead to

A

low blood sugar level

49
Q

what should the goals of nutrition therapy for the patient with type 2 include

a. ideal body weight
b. normal serum glucose and lipid levels
c. special diabetic diet using special foods
d. five small meals a day with a snack

A

B

50
Q

why are the hormones glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol referred to as counter regulatory hormone

a. decrease glucose production
b. stimulate glucose output by liver
c. increase glucose transport into the cell

A

B

51
Q

In type 1 diabetes there is an osmotic effect of glucose when insulin deficiency presents the use of glucose for energy, which classic symptom is caused by the osmotic effect of glucose

a. fatigue
b. polydipsia
c. polyphasgia

A

B

52
Q 
which lab result would indicate patient has pre diabetes
A. OGGT of 132
B. OGGT of 240
C. FBG of 80
D. FBG of 120
A

D

53
Q

A client who ate breakfast has blood sugar of 136
a. normal
B. indicative of diabetes
C. indicative of impaired fasting glucose
D. indicative of impaired glucose tolerance

A

A

NRS 210 exam 1 (8 decks)

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