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AMK Miscellaneous > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What fasting glucose result is diagnostic of diabetes?

A

> 7

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2
Q

What random glucose is diagnostic of diabetes?

A

> 11.1

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3
Q

How is diabetes mellitus diagnosed?

A

abnormal plasma glucose (fasting or random) and diabetic symptoms such as thirst, polyuria, weight loss, recurrent infections, drowsiness and coma

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4
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

hyposecretion or insensitivity to ADH

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of type 1 diabetes?

A

autoimmune B-islet cells attack

absolute insulin deficiency

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of type 2 diabetes?

A

insulin resistance

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7
Q

What is the average age that T1DM presents?

A

13

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8
Q

What is the average age that T2DM presents?

A

> 50

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9
Q

What is the management for T1DM?

A

subcutaneous insulin

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10
Q

What are the types of rapid insulin, when are they taken?

A

lisper, aspart, glulisine

before meals

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11
Q

What are the types of intermediate-acting insulin?

A

isophane

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12
Q

What is the difference between synthetic and insulin - rapid acting?

A

insulin has a faster onset and shorter duration than synthetic alternatives

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13
Q

What does biphasic insulin contain?

A

intermediate and soluble rapid insulin

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14
Q

What are the types of long acting insulin?

A

detenir and glargine

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15
Q

What is the duration of long acting insulin and how often is it take?

A

36 hours

once a day

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16
Q

What is the first line treatment for T2DM?

A

diet and lifestyle

17
Q

What is the first line medication for T2DM?

A

metformin

18
Q

What is the order of oral hypoglycaemics after metformin?

A

sulfonylureas
thiazolidiones
Dpp-4 inhibitors
-flozin

19
Q

what are the adverse effects associated with sulfonylureas?

A

hypoglycaemia and weight gain

20
Q

what are some examples of sulfonylureas?

A

gliclazide, glibenclamide, glimepridine, tolbutamide

21
Q

What type of oral hypoglycaemic is pioglitazone?

A

thiazolidiones

22
Q

How are the Dpp-4 inhibitors names?

A

gliptins

23
Q

what are the signs of retinopathy in diabetic eye disease and what doe this lead to?

A

dot and blot haemorrhages
cotton wool spots
angiogenesis - weak. leaky

24
Q

what are the types of diabetic neuropathy?

A

loss of vibration - glove and stocking
mononeuropathies
amyotrophy - painful wasting thighs
autonomic - postural hypotension, reduced vagal tone

25
Q

What is the difference between peripheral vascular disease and peripheral neuropathy in diabetic foot disease?

A

vascular - cold, painful foot

neuropathy - warm, not painful

26
Q

What is the signs of diabetic nephropathy?

A

high GFR

albuminurea

AMK Miscellaneous (22 decks)

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