Diabetes Flashcards
What are goal A1C and Blood glucose levels for diabetics
A1C goal <7.0%,
BG: 70-110
What are S/S of diabetes
polyuria polydipsia wt loss/wt gain paresthesias fatigue
What are important HPI/ROS questions to ask a diabetic pt
Constitutional: falls, smoking, diet, nutrition, BG levels
Hx of CVD/CAD, PMHx
Urine changes
Visual changes (last eye exam)
Numbness/tingling
what are a few PE exams you would perform on a diabetic
Wounds Nail/hair changes Edema peripheral pulses Fundoscopy Diabetic foot exam
what are some complications of diabetes and s/s of these complications
Nephropathy - albuminuria Retinopathy - cotton wool spots Neuropathy - ↓sensation, numbness/tingling Psychosocial: Depression Infection (wound healing) CV Cellulitis Otitis (pseudomonas)
what are some screening test woudl should perform for a diabetic pt?
HTN Lipids (e. 3 mo) ABI A1C GFR Urine Albumin Dilated eye exam annually Depression Diabetic foot exam, skin exam Dental
what are tx options for diabetics?
Diet + exercise
Metformin
Sulfonylureas (glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride)
GLP-1 (exenatide, liraglutide)
Insulin
Rapid: humalog, novolog
Short: humulin-R
Intermediate: humulin, novolin
Long acting: levemir, lantus
Pregabalin: diabetic neuropathy
What are some pt education tips you would give a diabetic pt
Periodic foot exam
Keep a log of blood glucose
Take medications
What are some triggers for DKA?
Insulin deficiency Infxn Ischemia Infarction Intoxication
What are s/s for DKA?
confusion
nausea
vomiting
abdominal pain
What are PE findings of DKA?
Kussmaul respirations
Ketotic breath
hypotension
tachycardia
What si the tx for DKA?
IV fluids
Insulin
Potassium
