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Pharm > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 rapid acting insulins

A

Sketchy: Girls And Lads

Glulisine, Aspart, Lispro

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2
Q

What type of activity does the insulin receptor have?

A

Tyrosine kinase

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3
Q

What glucose transporter does insulin activity upregulate

A

Leads to translocation of GLUT4 into cell membranes

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4
Q

What are the effects of insulin in the liver

A

Increased glucose stored as glycogen

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5
Q

What are the effects of insulin in muscle

A

Increased glyocogen storage and protein synthesis

Also increased Na+/K+ ATPase, which is what leads to hypokalemia

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6
Q

What are the effects of insulin in fat

A

Increased triglyceride storage in adipocytes

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7
Q

What insulin is best to treat post-prandial spikes

A

Short acting insulin (Glulisin, Aspart, Lispro)

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8
Q

What insulin is best at treating DKA

A

Regular insulin

Is the only one that can be administered IV

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9
Q

What insulin is best at treating hyperkalemia

A

Regular insulin

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10
Q

What type of drug is NPH

A

Intermediate acting insulin

Sketchy: Rest Now
regular insulin and NPH

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11
Q

What type of drug is Detemir

A

Long acting insulin

Sketchy: Don’t Go

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12
Q

What type of drug is Glargine

A

Long acting insulin

Sketchy: Don’t Go

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13
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Sketchy: Swans

MOA:
Closes ATP-dependent K+ channel –> cell depolarizes –> endogenous insulin release

USES:
T2DM (will not work in T1DM)

Adverse effects:
Hypoglycemia
Disulfiram reaction in first generations
Weight gain

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14
Q

What type of drug is Chlorpropamide and Tolbutamide

A

First generation sulfonylureas

Sketchy: Mother swan in maid outfit “-amide”

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15
Q

What type of drug is Glimepiride, Glyburide, and Glipizide

A

Second generation sulfonylureas

Sketchy: Goslings “riding” on mother swan

Glipizide = zig-zagging gosling with shortest duration of action

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16
Q

Meglitinides (e.g. Repaglinide, Nateglinide)

A

Sketchy: Gliding father goose

MOA:
Bind and close K+ channels (similar to sulfonylureas but bind at a different site)

USES:
Type 2 DM

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Are NOT sulfa drugs

17
Q

Exanatide and Liraglutide

A

Sketchy: “-tide” detergent

MOA:
GLP-1 agonist

EFFECTS:
Increase insulin release and decrease glucagon release

USES:
Type 2 DM

Adverse effects:
Increased risk for pancreatitis

18
Q

Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin

A

Sketchy: “-gliptins” clothespins

MOA:
DDP-4 inhibitors

EFFECTS:
Inhibits DDP-4 which usually inactivates GLP-1; leading to increased GLP-1; increased insulin release and decreased glucagon release

USES:
Type 2 DM

19
Q

Metformin

A

Sketchy: metaphor

MOA:
Unknown

EFFECTS:
Decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis; Increased peripheral glucose uptake; increased insulin sensitivity

USES:
Type 2 DM

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
GI upset
Lactic acidosis
Weight loss

20
Q

Thiazolidinediones aka Glitazones

A

Sketchy: Glitter

MOA:
Increases sensitivity to insulin
Binds to PPAR-y (regulates adiponectin, which enhances insulin sensitivity in fatty acid oxidation)

USES:
Type 2 DM

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Weight gain
Exacerbation of heart failure (fluid retention)
Risk of fractures

21
Q

Pramlintide (Amylin analog)

A

Sketchy: Amy and Lynn

MOA: Amylin is a peptide normally present in insulin secretory granules and secreted along with insulin

EFFECTS:
Decreases gastric emptying and glucagon

USES:
Post-prandial spikes in type I and type 2 DM

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Hypoglycemia
Nausea

22
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g. Acarbose and Miglitol)

A

Sketchy: A-carb wigglers

MOA:
Inhibition of a-glucosidase on the intestinal brush border decreases the conversion of disaccharides to absorbable monosaccharides –> delayed carbohydrate absorption

USES:
Type 2 DM

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Diarrhea, flatulence (due to fermentation of undigested carbs)

23
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors (e.g. Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin)

A

Sketchy: Flossing teacher and Salty Glucose Co. bag

MOA:
Inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal tubule

USES:
Type 2 DM

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
UTI
Vaginal candidiasis
Dehydration

Pharm (7 decks)

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