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Clin Lab Exam 2 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Type 2 DM age of onset

A

> 40 yo

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2
Q

Type 1 DM rapidity of onset

A

Abrupt

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3
Q

Type 2 DM rapidity of onset

A

Gradual

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4
Q

Type 1 DM body weight

A

Usually thin and undernourished

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5
Q

Type 2 DM body weight

A

Obesity is common

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6
Q

Does Type 1 DM have islet cell antibodies/ pancreatic cell-mediated immunity?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Does Type 2 DM have islet cell antibodies/ pancreatic cell-mediated immunity?

A

No

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8
Q

Is ketosis common in Type 1 DM or type 2 DM?

A

Type 1

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9
Q

Insulin levels in Type 1 DM

A

Diminished or totally absent

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10
Q

Insulin levels in Type 2 DM

A

Low, normal, or high (depends on insulin resistance)

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11
Q

Type 1 DM symptoms

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia (3 Ps), weight loss

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12
Q

Type 2 DM symptoms

A

Asymptomatic or could have polyuria + polydipsia + polyphagia

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13
Q

C-peptide fasting range

A

0.78-1.89 ng/mL

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14
Q

C-peptide range 1 hour after glucose load

A

5-12 ng/mL

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15
Q

High levels of C-peptide indicate:

A

Type 2 DM

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16
Q

Low levels of C-peptide indicate:

A

Type 1 DM

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17
Q

Autoantibodies present indicate:

A

Type 1 DM

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18
Q

Normal FPG levels

A

Less than 100

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19
Q

Pre-diabetes FPG levels

A

100-125

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20
Q

DM FPG levels

A

> or = 126

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21
Q

Gestational DM FPG levels

A

> or = 92

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22
Q

Gestational DM OGTT value at 1 hr

A

> or = 180

23
Q

Normal OGTT value at 2 hr

A

Less than 140

24
Q

Pre-diabetes OGTT value at 2 hr

A

140-199

25
Q

DM OGTT value at 2 hr

A

> or = 200

26
Q

Gestational DM OGTT value at 2 hr

A

> or = 153

27
Q

Normal A1C level

A

Less than 5.7%

28
Q

Pre-diabetes A1C level

A

5.7-6.4%

29
Q

DM A1C level

A

> or = 6.5%

30
Q

Gestational DM A1C level

A

N/a

31
Q

FPG test is best indicator for:

A

Glucose homeostasis

32
Q

OGTT best for:

A

Screen/diagnose gestational diabetes

33
Q

A1C best indicates:

A

Glucose control over past 3 months

34
Q

Type 1 DM age of onset

A

Child hood or adolescence

35
Q

Fructosamine normal range

A

Less than 285 micromol/L

36
Q

Large quantities of fructosamine found in diabetics or non-diabetics?

A

diabetics

37
Q

Urine glucose norm

A

Negative

38
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) seen mostly in:

A

Type 1 DM

39
Q

DKA causes:

A

Infections, illness, emotional stress, nonadherence/inadequate insulin dosage, undiagnosed type 1 DM

40
Q

Signs of DKA:

A

Dehydration, lethargy, acetone-smelling breath, ab pain, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, tachypnea

41
Q

Findings of DKA:

A

High glucose concentration, ketones present in blood/urine, low venous bicarbonate, decreased arterial pH, electrolyte abnormalities, elevated SCr & BUN, elevated serum osmolality

42
Q

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state (HHS) occurs in:

A

most elderly patients w/ type 2 DM

43
Q

Signs of HHS:

A

Decreased mentation (lethargy, confusion, dehydration), seizures, GI symptoms

44
Q

Findings of HHS

A

Severe hyperglycemia, ABSENCE of ketones, electrolyte abnormalities, elevated SCr & BUN, elevated serum osmolality

45
Q

Causes of hypoglycemia:

A

Excess blood glucose lowering meds, physical activity, inadequate carb intake

46
Q

Hypoglycemia more common in type 1 or type 2 DM?

A

Type 1 DM

47
Q

How to treat hypoglycemia

A

Rule of 15

48
Q

ADA A1C goal:

A

Less than 7%

49
Q

AACE A1C goal:

A

Less than or equal to 6.5%

50
Q

ADA FPG goal:

A

80-130 mg/dL

51
Q

AACE FPG goal:

A

Less than 110 mg/dL

52
Q

ADA peak postprandial plasma glucose goal:

A

Less than 180 mg/dL

53
Q

AACE peak postprandial plasma glucose goal:

A

Less than 140 mg/dL

54
Q

Type 1 DM age of onset

A

Childhood or adolescence

Clin Lab Exam 2 (6 decks)

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