Diabetes

Question 1

Type 2 DM age of onset

Answer 1

> 40 yo

Question 2

Type 1 DM rapidity of onset

Answer 2

Abrupt

Question 3

Type 2 DM rapidity of onset

Answer 3

Gradual

Question 4

Type 1 DM body weight

Answer 4

Usually thin and undernourished

Question 5

Type 2 DM body weight

Answer 5

Obesity is common

Question 6

Does Type 1 DM have islet cell antibodies/ pancreatic cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Does Type 2 DM have islet cell antibodies/ pancreatic cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Is ketosis common in Type 1 DM or type 2 DM?

Answer 8

Type 1

Question 9

Insulin levels in Type 1 DM

Answer 9

Diminished or totally absent

Question 10

Insulin levels in Type 2 DM

Answer 10

Low, normal, or high (depends on insulin resistance)

Question 11

Type 1 DM symptoms

Answer 11

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia (3 Ps), weight loss

Question 12

Type 2 DM symptoms

Answer 12

Asymptomatic or could have polyuria + polydipsia + polyphagia

Question 13

C-peptide fasting range

Answer 13

0.78-1.89 ng/mL

Question 14

C-peptide range 1 hour after glucose load

Answer 14

5-12 ng/mL

Question 15

High levels of C-peptide indicate:

Answer 15

Type 2 DM

Question 16

Low levels of C-peptide indicate:

Answer 16

Type 1 DM

Question 17

Autoantibodies present indicate:

Answer 17

Type 1 DM

Question 18

Normal FPG levels

Answer 18

Less than 100

Question 19

Pre-diabetes FPG levels

Answer 19

100-125

Question 20

DM FPG levels

Answer 20

> or = 126

Question 21

Gestational DM FPG levels

Answer 21

> or = 92

Question 22

Gestational DM OGTT value at 1 hr

Answer 22

> or = 180

Question 23

Normal OGTT value at 2 hr

Answer 23

Less than 140

Question 24

Pre-diabetes OGTT value at 2 hr

Answer 24

140-199

Question 25

DM OGTT value at 2 hr

Answer 25

> or = 200

Question 26

Gestational DM OGTT value at 2 hr

Answer 26

> or = 153

Question 27

Normal A1C level

Answer 27

Less than 5.7%

Question 28

Pre-diabetes A1C level

Answer 28

5.7-6.4%

Question 29

DM A1C level

Answer 29

> or = 6.5%

Question 30

Gestational DM A1C level

Answer 30

N/a

Question 31

FPG test is best indicator for:

Answer 31

Glucose homeostasis

Question 32

OGTT best for:

Answer 32

Screen/diagnose gestational diabetes

Question 33

A1C best indicates:

Answer 33

Glucose control over past 3 months

Question 34

Type 1 DM age of onset

Answer 34

Child hood or adolescence

Question 35

Fructosamine normal range

Answer 35

Less than 285 micromol/L

Question 36

Large quantities of fructosamine found in diabetics or non-diabetics?

Answer 36

diabetics

Question 37

Urine glucose norm

Answer 37

Negative

Question 38

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) seen mostly in:

Answer 38

Type 1 DM

Question 39

DKA causes:

Answer 39

Infections, illness, emotional stress, nonadherence/inadequate insulin dosage, undiagnosed type 1 DM

Question 40

Signs of DKA:

Answer 40

Dehydration, lethargy, acetone-smelling breath, ab pain, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, tachypnea

Question 41

Findings of DKA:

Answer 41

High glucose concentration, ketones present in blood/urine, low venous bicarbonate, decreased arterial pH, electrolyte abnormalities, elevated SCr & BUN, elevated serum osmolality

Question 42

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state (HHS) occurs in:

Answer 42

most elderly patients w/ type 2 DM

Question 43

Signs of HHS:

Answer 43

Decreased mentation (lethargy, confusion, dehydration), seizures, GI symptoms

Question 44

Findings of HHS

Answer 44

Severe hyperglycemia, ABSENCE of ketones, electrolyte abnormalities, elevated SCr & BUN, elevated serum osmolality

Question 45

Causes of hypoglycemia:

Answer 45

Excess blood glucose lowering meds, physical activity, inadequate carb intake

Question 46

Hypoglycemia more common in type 1 or type 2 DM?

Answer 46

Type 1 DM

Question 47

How to treat hypoglycemia

Answer 47

Rule of 15

Question 48

ADA A1C goal:

Answer 48

Less than 7%

Question 49

AACE A1C goal:

Answer 49

Less than or equal to 6.5%

Question 50

ADA FPG goal:

Answer 50

80-130 mg/dL

Question 51

AACE FPG goal:

Answer 51

Less than 110 mg/dL

Question 52

ADA peak postprandial plasma glucose goal:

Answer 52

Less than 180 mg/dL

Question 53

AACE peak postprandial plasma glucose goal:

Answer 53

Less than 140 mg/dL

Question 54

Type 1 DM age of onset

Answer 54

Childhood or adolescence