Diabetes Flashcards
What is diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition resulting from insufficient insulin production or ineffective use of insulin by the body
What is insulin
It’s a hormone that regulates blood glucose
What are the three types of diabetes
- Type 1 - (autoimmune) not enough insulin produced
- Type 2 - when insulin does not work properly or there isn’t enough of it
- Gestational diabetes - occurs in pregnancy due to hormonal changes
. In all blood sugar is too high (glucose in the blood is not being taken up by cells)
Type 1 diabetes
Symptoms of diabetes
. Increased thirst
. Fatigue
. Frequent urination
. Blurred vision
. Irritability
. Frequent infections
Where is the pancreas and what does it do
. It’s located behind the stomach
. Produces enzymes, breaks down foods
. Produces insulin that controls sugar levels in the blood
. Sugar can be triggered into cells from the bloodstream to be used for energy.
What cells in the pancreas release insulin and glucagon
Cells called islets of Langerhans in the pancreas release insulin and glucagon
Insulin - released when sugars are too high
Glucagon - released when sugars are too low
What is hyperglycaemia
It is when someone has high blood sugar levels, this normally happens in diabetic patients but can happen to non diabetic too. It’s dangerous as it can damage blood vessels that’s supply the nerves.
What are complications for Type 1 diabetes
What are treatments for type 1 diabetes
What are causes for type 2 diabetes
Treatment for type 2 diabetes
Periodontitis and diabetes
. String connection with uncontrolled diabetes and increasing periodontitis then increasing complications of diabetes
. 3x more likely to develop periodontitis if you have diabetes
. Increase in inflammatory markers: IL6
Management: periodontitis and diabetes
What is gestational diabetes (pregnant)
Hormones produced by the placenta causes insulin resistance
