Diabetes

Question 1

BG in DKA vs HHS

Answer 1

DKA 300-500
HHS over 1000

Question 2

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 2

Make glucose from carbs and such

Question 3

Glucogenolysis

Answer 3

Glycogen b/d into glucose, phosphate, and glycogen

Question 4

DKA population

Answer 4

Ppl under 65 and type 1 mostly

Question 5

HHS population

Answer 5

Type 2, ppl over 65

Question 6

Normal glucose metabolism

Answer 6

Glucose inc with diet, glucose enters the pancreas and insulin is released, insulin Dec hepatic glucose prod (and dec glucogenolysis) and inc glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Question 7

DKA

Answer 7

insulin is less effective because there isn’t it
- ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia

Question 8

HHS

Answer 8

Ineffective insulin; have enough to not get ketoacidosis but not enough to control blood glucose

Question 9

Counterregulatory hormones

Answer 9

Released under bodily stress
- catecholamines, cortisol, glucagon, GH
- causes inc glucose prod and impaired glucose use in peripheral tissues

Question 10

Why does dehydration occur with HHS?

Answer 10

osmotic diuresis from glycosuria

Question 11

Ketoacidosis sx

Answer 11

SOB, ab pain, N/V from inc gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, ketogenesis, dec glycolysis

Question 12

Is DKA or HHS treated sooner?

Answer 12

DKA because get symptoms earlier from ketoacidosis

Question 13

pH with ketoacidosis and DKA

Answer 13

Under 7.3

Question 14

How does GFR affect DKA?

Answer 14

Can excrete glucose better, often while younger