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Exam 3 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

A disorder of pancreatic dysfunction and beta cell destruction

A

DM 1

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2
Q

Beta cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency?
Which type

A

Type 1

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3
Q

Immune mediated diabetes is most common form of which diabetes

A

Type 1

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4
Q

Chronic and metabolic disease
Defects in pancreatic insulin secretion and insulin resistance in target tissues
Persistent hyperglycemia

A

Type 2

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5
Q

Obesity
Poor diet
Lack of regular exercise
Risks for what

A

Type 2

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6
Q

Suboptimal response of insulin sensitive tissues to insulin
Which diabetes

A

Type 2

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7
Q

Three insulin sensitive tissues

A

Liver
Adipose tissue
Muscle
LAM

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8
Q

GLP1 is a what

A

Incretin

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9
Q

What two conditions have decreased beta cell responsiveness to GLP1

A

Prediabetes
Type 2

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10
Q

What should GLP1 do to blood glucose?

A

Decrease it

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11
Q

Adipokines are cytokines produced by what type of tissue

A

Adipose tissue

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12
Q

Adipokines are increased or decreased in obesity?

A

Increased

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13
Q

There are increased or decreased levels of leptin in obesity

A

Increased
Leptin resistance

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14
Q

Free fatty acids are increased or decreased in obesity

A

Increased

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15
Q

Free fatty acids lead to increased or decreased tissue responses to insulin

A

Decreased

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16
Q

Decreased insulin-induced activity of what organelle leads to insulin resistance

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

A serious complication related to a deficiency of insulin and an increase in the levels of insulin counterregulatory hormones

A

DKA

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18
Q

Catecholamines
Cortisol
Glucagon
Growth hormone are four what

A

Insulin counterregulatory hormones

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19
Q

List the four insulin counterregulatory hormones
CCGG

A

Catecholamines
Cortisol
Glucagon
Growth hormone

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20
Q

Hyperglycemia
Acidosis
Ketonuria
What condition

A

DKA

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21
Q

Lipolysis is enhanced and there is an increase in the amount of fatty acids delivered to the liver
What condition

22
Q

Increased what (process) contributes to the hyperglycemia and production of ketone bodies

A

Gluconeogenesis

23
Q

What ROME disorder seen in DKA?

A

Metabolic acidosis

24
Q

Accumulation of ketone bodies causes a drop in PH leading to what

A

Metabolic acidosis

25
Metabolic acidosis seen in what diabetic complication?
DKA
26
Three examples of ketone bodies
Acetoacetate Hydroxybutyrate Acetone
27
Acetoacetate Hydroxybutyrate Acetone Examples of what
Ketone bodies
28
Hyperventilation in an attempt to compensate for acidosis in DKA
Kussmaul respirations
29
What are kussmaul respirations attempting to compensate for?
Metabolic acidosis
30
Why is there hyperglycemia in DKA?
No insulin
31
Diuretics in DKA causes what two signs?
Polyuria and dehydration
32
Polyuria and dehydration manifests how in patient in DKA?
Flushed dry skin
33
Vomiting is an attempt to get rid of what in DKA?
Acid
34
Insulin normally stimulates what fatty process?
Lipogenesis
35
Insulin normally inhibits what fatty process?
Lipolysis
36
Four causes of HHNKS
Infection Medication Nonadherence to diabetes treatment Coexisting disease
37
What condition seen more often in type 2 diabetes?
HHNKS
38
Why does HHNKS lack ketosis?
Still producing some insulin
39
Leading cause of blindness due to retinopathy ESRD and various neuropathies
Microvascular disease
40
Disease in capillaries is called
Microvascular disease
41
Thickening of capillary basement membrane seen in what diabetic condition
Microvascular disease
42
Endothelial cell hyperplasia seen in what diabetic complication
Microvascular disease
43
Thrombosis seen in what diabetic complication
Microvascular disease
44
Thickening of the capillary basement membrane results in decreased what in Microvascular disease
Tissue perfusion
45
Lesions in medium and large arteries What complication of diabetes
Macrovascular disease
46
Macrovascular disease increases
Morbidity and mortality and Increases risk for atherosclerosis MI and stroke
47
What type of disease leads to diabetics having higher mortality during acute phase of MI
Macrovascular disease
48
Why are diabetics asymptomatic with MI?
Sensory and autonomic neuropathy
49
What types of neuropathy lead to asymptomatic status in diabetics?
Sensory Autonomic
50
What category of complications justify diabetes screening
Macrovascular

Exam 3 (7 decks)

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