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Exam 3 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

A disorder of pancreatic dysfunction and beta cell destruction

A

DM 1

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2
Q

Beta cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency?
Which type

A

Type 1

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3
Q

Immune mediated diabetes is most common form of which diabetes

A

Type 1

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4
Q

Chronic and metabolic disease
Defects in pancreatic insulin secretion and insulin resistance in target tissues
Persistent hyperglycemia

A

Type 2

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5
Q

Obesity
Poor diet
Lack of regular exercise
Risks for what

A

Type 2

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6
Q

Suboptimal response of insulin sensitive tissues to insulin
Which diabetes

A

Type 2

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7
Q

Three insulin sensitive tissues

A

Liver
Adipose tissue
Muscle
LAM

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8
Q

GLP1 is a what

A

Incretin

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9
Q

What two conditions have decreased beta cell responsiveness to GLP1

A

Prediabetes
Type 2

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10
Q

What should GLP1 do to blood glucose?

A

Decrease it

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11
Q

Adipokines are cytokines produced by what type of tissue

A

Adipose tissue

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12
Q

Adipokines are increased or decreased in obesity?

A

Increased

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13
Q

There are increased or decreased levels of leptin in obesity

A

Increased
Leptin resistance

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14
Q

Free fatty acids are increased or decreased in obesity

A

Increased

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15
Q

Free fatty acids lead to increased or decreased tissue responses to insulin

A

Decreased

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16
Q

Decreased insulin-induced activity of what organelle leads to insulin resistance

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

A serious complication related to a deficiency of insulin and an increase in the levels of insulin counterregulatory hormones

A

DKA

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18
Q

Catecholamines
Cortisol
Glucagon
Growth hormone are four what

A

Insulin counterregulatory hormones

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19
Q

List the four insulin counterregulatory hormones
CCGG

A

Catecholamines
Cortisol
Glucagon
Growth hormone

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20
Q

Hyperglycemia
Acidosis
Ketonuria
What condition

A

DKA

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21
Q

Lipolysis is enhanced and there is an increase in the amount of fatty acids delivered to the liver
What condition

A

DKA

22
Q

Increased what (process) contributes to the hyperglycemia and production of ketone bodies

A

Gluconeogenesis

23
Q

What ROME disorder seen in DKA?

A

Metabolic acidosis

24
Q

Accumulation of ketone bodies causes a drop in PH leading to what

A

Metabolic acidosis

25
Q

Metabolic acidosis seen in what diabetic complication?

A

DKA

26
Q

Three examples of ketone bodies

A

Acetoacetate
Hydroxybutyrate
Acetone

27
Q

Acetoacetate
Hydroxybutyrate
Acetone
Examples of what

A

Ketone bodies

28
Q

Hyperventilation in an attempt to compensate for acidosis in DKA

A

Kussmaul respirations

29
Q

What are kussmaul respirations attempting to compensate for?

A

Metabolic acidosis

30
Q

Why is there hyperglycemia in DKA?

A

No insulin

31
Q

Diuretics in DKA causes what two signs?

A

Polyuria and dehydration

32
Q

Polyuria and dehydration manifests how in patient in DKA?

A

Flushed dry skin

33
Q

Vomiting is an attempt to get rid of what in DKA?

A

Acid

34
Q

Insulin normally stimulates what fatty process?

A

Lipogenesis

35
Q

Insulin normally inhibits what fatty process?

A

Lipolysis

36
Q

Four causes of HHNKS

A

Infection
Medication
Nonadherence to diabetes treatment
Coexisting disease

37
Q

What condition seen more often in type 2 diabetes?

A

HHNKS

38
Q

Why does HHNKS lack ketosis?

A

Still producing some insulin

39
Q

Leading cause of blindness due to retinopathy ESRD and various neuropathies

A

Microvascular disease

40
Q

Disease in capillaries is called

A

Microvascular disease

41
Q

Thickening of capillary basement membrane seen in what diabetic condition

A

Microvascular disease

42
Q

Endothelial cell hyperplasia seen in what diabetic complication

A

Microvascular disease

43
Q

Thrombosis seen in what diabetic complication

A

Microvascular disease

44
Q

Thickening of the capillary basement membrane results in decreased what in Microvascular disease

A

Tissue perfusion

45
Q

Lesions in medium and large arteries
What complication of diabetes

A

Macrovascular disease

46
Q

Macrovascular disease increases

A

Morbidity and mortality and
Increases risk for atherosclerosis MI and stroke

47
Q

What type of disease leads to diabetics having higher mortality during acute phase of MI

A

Macrovascular disease

48
Q

Why are diabetics asymptomatic with MI?

A

Sensory and autonomic neuropathy

49
Q

What types of neuropathy lead to asymptomatic status in diabetics?

A

Sensory
Autonomic

50
Q

What category of complications justify diabetes screening

A

Macrovascular

Exam 3 (7 decks)

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