Diabetes

Question 1

T/F: Prediabetes is when blood sugar levels are borderline and can lead to diabetes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

CDC’s National Diabetes and Prevention program recommends pre-diabetic pateints improve their eating habits, increase physical activity, and if overweight/obese lose ___ - 10% to decrease blood sugar

Answer 2

7

Question 3

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a defect in ______ production or secretion because the beta cells of the pancreas become destroyed.

Answer 3

Insulin

Question 4

Juvenile diabetes and IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes Mellitus) were also terms for type __ diabetes.

Answer 4

1

Question 5

T/F: LATA (latent autoimmune disease of the adult) is similar to type 1 diabetes, except the onset is usually in adulthood, whereas type 1 is usually diagnosed earlier in childhood/before age 30.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F: Like type 1 diabetes, LATA requires insulin right away.

Answer 6

False, it is a gradual destruction of the beta cells and does not require insulin right away

Question 7

T/F: LATA and type 1 diabetes both have auto-antibodies in the blood because they are both autoimmune diseases.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

A defect in insulin action characterizes type 2 diabetes, the cells are _____ to insulin.

Answer 8

Resistant

Question 9

Prolonged type 2 diabetes may result in beta cells ____ function over time, which may require insulin.

Answer 9

Losing

Question 10

T/F: Type 2 diabetes only affects adults.

Answer 10

False, more children are being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Question 11

Remission of type 2 diabetes is when patients can maintain normal blood sugar levels for at least a ____ without using insulin or medicine.

Answer 11

Year

Question 12

T/F: Patients with type 1 diabetes can experience remission.

Answer 12

False, their beta cells are damaged which requires them to use insulin.

Question 13

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is usually ______ because hormonal changes affect blood glucose.

Answer 13

Temporary

Question 14

Screening for GDM is conducted between the ____ and 28th week of pregnancy using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Answer 14

24th

Question 15

Risk factors for GDM include advanced maternal age, obesity, family or prior history of GDM, certain ethnic groups, lifestyle factors, and _____.

Answer 15

PCOS (due to insulin resistance.)

Question 15

Gestation diabetes usually forms during the ______ trimester.

Answer 15

Second

Question 16

T/F: Hormonal factors can result in GDM despite the woman being perfectly healthy.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Women with GDM can give birth early or deliver a baby with a higher _____ ______ due to glucose entering the placenta and the baby producing more insulin which promotes fat storage in the baby.

Answer 17

Birth weight

Question 18

Babies born to mothers with GDM are at risk for neonatal _______ because the body is used to the mom’s glucose, thus producing more insulin even after delivery.

Answer 18

Hypoglycemia

Question 19

A mother with GDM and her child are both at risk of developing Type __ diabetes later in life.

Answer 19

2

Question 20

T/F: GDM causes birth defects and genetic abnormalities.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Treatment for GDM during pregnancy is insulin or insulin ______ since insulin is normally produced by the body.

Answer 21

Analogs

Question 22

Other medications are not usually prescribed to moms with GDM as they have side effects unknown to the baby and the mom, but ______ has been shown to not be harmful during pregnancy.

Answer 22

Metformin

Question 23

After delivery, screening for type 2 diabetes is recommended at __ - 12 weeks postpartum, and continue screening at least every __ years.

Answer 23

4, 3

Question 24

MNT for GDM includes about ___ % of kcals coming from CHO.

Answer 24

40

Question 25

T/F: In GDM, the highest amount of blood sugar and insulin resistance is at night and 1 serving of a simple/refined CHO, such as milk, fruit, and cereal, is recommended.

Answer 25

False, blood sugar and insulin resistance are highest in the morning due to blood sugar changes overnight. 1 serving of a COMPLEX CHO with fiber is recommended.

Question 26

Alternative sweeteners can be safe to consume during pregnancy, however, _____ should be avoided because it can cross the placenta.

Answer 26

Saccharin

Question 27

__________ helps reduce the risk of GDM moms and children from developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Answer 27

Breastfeeding

Question 28

Fasting Blood Glucose levels greater than or equal to ____ mg/dl is a diagnostic criterion of diabetes.

Answer 28

126

Question 29

Casual Blood Glucose (glucose levels throughout the day) levels greater than or equal to ____ mg/dl is a diagnostic criterion of diabetes.

Answer 29

200

Question 30

2-hour Blood Glucose levels greater than or equal to ____ mg/dl (after a 75mg of oral glucose for GDM test) l is a diagnostic criterion of diabetes.

Answer 30

200

Question 31

A1C greater than or equal to ____ % is a diagnostic criterion of diabetes.

Answer 31

6.5

Question 32

2-hour Blood Glucose (after a 75mg og glucose for GDM test) between 140- ____ mg/dl is a diagnostic criterion of pre-diabetes.

Answer 32

199

Question 32

T/F: Prediabetes is also known as impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Blood Glucose (impaired glucose fasting) levels between 100- ____mg/dl is a diagnostic criterion of pre-diabetes.

Answer 33

125

Question 34

A1C greater than or equal to 5.7- ____ % is a diagnostic criterion of pre-diabetes.

Answer 34

6.4

Question 35

Type 1 is when the immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas damaging them so they can not produce insulin, resulting in _________ since glucose can enter the cells.

Answer 35

Hyperglycemia

Question 36

Polyuria, a symptom of type 1 diabetes is frequent ______, due to the kidneys filtering out glucose.

Answer 36

Urination

Question 37

Polyphagia, a symptom of type 1 diabetes is excessive ______ because cells are starved of glucose, eventually resulting in weight loss.

Answer 37

Hunger

Question 38

People diagnosed with LATA may eventually develop type __ diabetes.

Answer 38

1

Question 39

Polydipsia, a symptom of type 1 diabetes is excessive ______, due to frequent urination.

Answer 39

Thirst

Question 40

T/F: Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are preventable.

Answer 40

False, type 1 is not preventable because it an auto-immune disease.

Question 40

The main treatment for type 1 diabetes is _______.

Answer 40

Insulin

Question 41

Physical activity ______ insulin resistance, which helps prevent type 2 diabetes.

Answer 41

Decreases

Question 42

T/F: Eating sugar causes diabetes.

Answer 42

False, but diets high in calories (empty calories especially)can lead to weight gain and possibly diabetes.

Question 43

T/F: Insulin resistance is pre-diabetes, but pre-diabetes is reversible.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

T/F: Symptoms of type 2 diabetes consist of hyperglycemia, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, and weight loss.

Answer 44

False, these are symptoms of type 1 diabetes

Question 45

T/F: Some patients with type 2 diabetes may lose beta cell function over time, which will require insulin.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T/F: The quantity of CHO must be individualized for patients, while the quality of CHO should be the same for all patients.

Answer 46

True, the following CHO should be emphasized as they don't impact blood sugar 1. Non- starchy vegetables 2. Whole grains instead of refined grains 3. Complex CHO instead of simple CHO

Question 46

T/F: CHO consistency is important for Type 1 diabetes because they must count their CHO intake to dose their insulin appropriately since insulin is based on grams of CHO.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

T/F: Fructose has a lower glycemic index, however, high amounts of fructose increase triglyceride levels.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

People with diabetes should consume soluble fiber is satiating and delays gastric emptying, decreasing glucose spikes. The recommended amount is ___- 13 g/day.

Answer 48

7

Question 49

T/F: If you feed someone the same amount of starch and sucrose, their glycemic response will be similar.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

The faster the CHO can be digested, the ____ the glycemic index. The slower the CHO can be digested, the ____ the glycemic index.

Answer 50

Higher, lower - excluding fructose

Question 50

Lower glycemic index diets can help control ______ __________ blood glucose (post-meals) but don't improve overall glycemic control.

Answer 50

Post-prandial

Question 51

T/F: Lower glycemic index diets are the main MNT for diabetes patients.

Answer 51

False, it's complicated and doesnt improve overall blood sugar

Question 52

T/F: Lower glycemic index diets control overall blood sugar.

Answer 52

False, only post-prandial blood sugar (post-meals)

Question 53

The glycemic index doesnt account for CHO serving sizes, however, glycemic ____ does.

Answer 53

Load

Question 53

T/F: Some limitations of the glycemic index are that it doesn't take into account protein, fiber, and fat that may be consumed with CHO foods.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Glycemic indexes are also affected by _______ methods.

Answer 54

Preparation

Question 55

1 serving of CHO is equal to ___ grams.

Answer 55

15

Question 56

________ counting is important for type 1 and 2 diabetes.

Answer 56

Carbohydrate

Question 57

Fat and soluble fiber is important for blood sugar control as it ____ gastric emptying.

Answer 57

Delays

Question 58

Sources of ____ fiber include oats/oatmeal, beans/legumes, chia seeds, barley, and psyllium.

Answer 58

Soluble

Question 59

T/F: Patients on insulin who consume alcohol, should do so on an empty stomach.

Answer 59

False, if consuming alcohol, consume it with food to avoid hypoglycemia

Question 60

Unlike CHO counting, the _______ system includes CHO, protein, and fat instead of CHO only.

Answer 60

Exchange

Question 61

T/F: Fats, meats, and meat substitutes don't normally have carbs.

Answer 61

True