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406- Lower GI > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Prediabetes is when blood sugar levels are borderline and can lead to diabetes.

A

True

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2
Q

CDC’s National Diabetes and Prevention program recommends pre-diabetic pateints improve their eating habits, increase physical activity, and if overweight/obese lose ___ - 10% to decrease blood sugar

A

7

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3
Q

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a defect in ______ production or secretion because the beta cells of the pancreas become destroyed.

A

Insulin

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4
Q

Juvenile diabetes and IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes Mellitus) were also terms for type __ diabetes.

A

1

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5
Q

T/F: LATA (latent autoimmune disease of the adult) is similar to type 1 diabetes, except the onset is usually in adulthood, whereas type 1 is usually diagnosed earlier in childhood/before age 30.

A

True

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6
Q

T/F: Like type 1 diabetes, LATA requires insulin right away.

A

False, it is a gradual destruction of the beta cells and does not require insulin right away

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7
Q

T/F: LATA and type 1 diabetes both have auto-antibodies in the blood because they are both autoimmune diseases.

A

True

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8
Q

A defect in insulin action characterizes type 2 diabetes, the cells are _____ to insulin.

A

Resistant

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9
Q

Prolonged type 2 diabetes may result in beta cells ____ function over time, which may require insulin.

A

Losing

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10
Q

T/F: Type 2 diabetes only affects adults.

A

False, more children are being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

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11
Q

Remission of type 2 diabetes is when patients can maintain normal blood sugar levels for at least a ____ without using insulin or medicine.

A

Year

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12
Q

T/F: Patients with type 1 diabetes can experience remission.

A

False, their beta cells are damaged which requires them to use insulin.

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13
Q

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is usually ______ because hormonal changes affect blood glucose.

A

Temporary

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14
Q

Screening for GDM is conducted between the ____ and 28th week of pregnancy using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

A

24th

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15
Q

Risk factors for GDM include advanced maternal age, obesity, family or prior history of GDM, certain ethnic groups, lifestyle factors, and _____.

A

PCOS (due to insulin resistance.)

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15
Q

Gestation diabetes usually forms during the ______ trimester.

A

Second

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16
Q

T/F: Hormonal factors can result in GDM despite the woman being perfectly healthy.

A

True

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17
Q

Women with GDM can give birth early or deliver a baby with a higher _____ ______ due to glucose entering the placenta and the baby producing more insulin which promotes fat storage in the baby.

A

Birth weight

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18
Q

Babies born to mothers with GDM are at risk for neonatal _______ because the body is used to the mom’s glucose, thus producing more insulin even after delivery.

A

Hypoglycemia

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19
Q

A mother with GDM and her child are both at risk of developing Type __ diabetes later in life.

A

2

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20
Q

T/F: GDM causes birth defects and genetic abnormalities.

A

False

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21
Q

Treatment for GDM during pregnancy is insulin or insulin ______ since insulin is normally produced by the body.

A

Analogs

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22
Q

Other medications are not usually prescribed to moms with GDM as they have side effects unknown to the baby and the mom, but ______ has been shown to not be harmful during pregnancy.

A

Metformin

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23
Q

After delivery, screening for type 2 diabetes is recommended at __ - 12 weeks postpartum, and continue screening at least every __ years.

A

4, 3

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24
Q

MNT for GDM includes about ___ % of kcals coming from CHO.

A

40

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25
Q

T/F: In GDM, the highest amount of blood sugar and insulin resistance is at night and 1 serving of a simple/refined CHO, such as milk, fruit, and cereal, is recommended.

A

False, blood sugar and insulin resistance are highest in the morning due to blood sugar changes overnight. 1 serving of a COMPLEX CHO with fiber is recommended.

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26
Q

Alternative sweeteners can be safe to consume during pregnancy, however, _____ should be avoided because it can cross the placenta.

A

Saccharin

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27
Q

__________ helps reduce the risk of GDM moms and children from developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

A

Breastfeeding

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28
Q

Fasting Blood Glucose levels greater than or equal to ____ mg/dl is a diagnostic criterion of diabetes.

A

126

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29
Q

Casual Blood Glucose (glucose levels throughout the day) levels greater than or equal to ____ mg/dl is a diagnostic criterion of diabetes.

A

200

30
Q

2-hour Blood Glucose levels greater than or equal to ____ mg/dl (after a 75mg of oral glucose for GDM test) l is a diagnostic criterion of diabetes.

A

200

31
Q

A1C greater than or equal to ____ % is a diagnostic criterion of diabetes.

A

6.5

32
Q

2-hour Blood Glucose (after a 75mg og glucose for GDM test) between 140- ____ mg/dl is a diagnostic criterion of pre-diabetes.

A

199

32
Q

T/F: Prediabetes is also known as impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose.

A

True

33
Q

Blood Glucose (impaired glucose fasting) levels between 100- ____mg/dl is a diagnostic criterion of pre-diabetes.

A

125

34
Q

A1C greater than or equal to 5.7- ____ % is a diagnostic criterion of pre-diabetes.

A

6.4

35
Q

Type 1 is when the immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas damaging them so they can not produce insulin, resulting in _________ since glucose can enter the cells.

A

Hyperglycemia

36
Q

Polyuria, a symptom of type 1 diabetes is frequent ______, due to the kidneys filtering out glucose.

A

Urination

37
Q

Polyphagia, a symptom of type 1 diabetes is excessive ______ because cells are starved of glucose, eventually resulting in weight loss.

A

Hunger

38
Q

People diagnosed with LATA may eventually develop type __ diabetes.

A

1

39
Q

Polydipsia, a symptom of type 1 diabetes is excessive ______, due to frequent urination.

A

Thirst

40
Q

T/F: Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are preventable.

A

False, type 1 is not preventable because it an auto-immune disease.

40
Q

The main treatment for type 1 diabetes is _______.

A

Insulin

41
Q

Physical activity ______ insulin resistance, which helps prevent type 2 diabetes.

A

Decreases

42
Q

T/F: Eating sugar causes diabetes.

A

False, but diets high in calories (empty calories especially)can lead to weight gain and possibly diabetes.

43
Q

T/F: Insulin resistance is pre-diabetes, but pre-diabetes is reversible.

A

True

44
Q

T/F: Symptoms of type 2 diabetes consist of hyperglycemia, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, and weight loss.

A

False, these are symptoms of type 1 diabetes

45
Q

T/F: Some patients with type 2 diabetes may lose beta cell function over time, which will require insulin.

A

True

46
Q

T/F: The quantity of CHO must be individualized for patients, while the quality of CHO should be the same for all patients.

A

True, the following CHO should be emphasized as they don’t impact blood sugar
1. Non- starchy vegetables
2. Whole grains instead of refined grains
3. Complex CHO instead of simple CHO

46
Q

T/F: CHO consistency is important for Type 1 diabetes because they must count their CHO intake to dose their insulin appropriately since insulin is based on grams of CHO.

A

True

47
Q

T/F: Fructose has a lower glycemic index, however, high amounts of fructose increase triglyceride levels.

A

True

48
Q

People with diabetes should consume soluble fiber is satiating and delays gastric emptying, decreasing glucose spikes. The recommended amount is ___- 13 g/day.

A

7

49
Q

T/F: If you feed someone the same amount of starch and sucrose, their glycemic response will be similar.

A

True

50
Q

The faster the CHO can be digested, the ____ the glycemic index. The slower the CHO can be digested, the ____ the glycemic index.

A

Higher, lower
- excluding fructose

50
Q

Lower glycemic index diets can help control ______ __________ blood glucose (post-meals) but don’t improve overall glycemic control.

A

Post-prandial

51
Q

T/F: Lower glycemic index diets are the main MNT for diabetes patients.

A

False, it’s complicated and doesnt improve overall blood sugar

52
Q

T/F: Lower glycemic index diets control overall blood sugar.

A

False, only post-prandial blood sugar (post-meals)

53
Q

The glycemic index doesnt account for CHO serving sizes, however, glycemic ____ does.

A

Load

53
Q

T/F: Some limitations of the glycemic index are that it doesn’t take into account protein, fiber, and fat that may be consumed with CHO foods.

A

True

54
Q

Glycemic indexes are also affected by _______ methods.

A

Preparation

55
Q

1 serving of CHO is equal to ___ grams.

A

15

56
Q

________ counting is important for type 1 and 2 diabetes.

A

Carbohydrate

57
Q

Fat and soluble fiber is important for blood sugar control as it ____ gastric emptying.

A

Delays

58
Q

Sources of ____ fiber include oats/oatmeal, beans/legumes, chia seeds, barley, and psyllium.

A

Soluble

59
Q

T/F: Patients on insulin who consume alcohol, should do so on an empty stomach.

A

False, if consuming alcohol, consume it with food to avoid hypoglycemia

60
Q

Unlike CHO counting, the _______ system includes CHO, protein, and fat instead of CHO only.

A

Exchange

61
Q

T/F: Fats, meats, and meat substitutes don’t normally have carbs.

A

True

62
Q
A
63
Q
A
64
Q
A
65
Q
A
66
Q
A
67
Q
A

406- Lower GI (4 decks)

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