diabetes

Question 1

type 2 diabetes risk factors

Answer 1

Genetics
* Age
* Obesity
following three can be used for intervention via excercise and PA
* High blood pressure
* Poor lipid profile
* Physical inactivity

Question 2

type 1 diabetes pathophysiology

Answer 2

• Type of condition: Autoimmune
• Mechanism :Body destroys beta cells,
  reduced insulin production
• Insulin level: Hypoinsulinemia
• Insulin resistance: Low
• Age of onset- Mostly in youth
• Proportion of patients- 5-10%

Question 3

type 2 pathophysiology

Answer 3

type of condition- metabolic
mechanism- Body does not react to insulin and/or
does not provide sufficient insulin
Insulin level - Hyperinsulinemia
Insulin resistance -High
age of onset- mostly 40 plus
proportion of patients- 90-95%

Question 4

comorbidity- insulin resistance syndrome

Answer 4

three or more of the following: High
triglycerides
Low HDLCholesterol
Visceral
obesity
hypertension
hyperglycaemia

leads to increased risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes or stroke

Question 5

consequenses/ contributions of IR

Answer 5

medications
ageing
obesity and inactivity
genetics
type 2 diabetes mellitus
hypertension
dyslipidemia
atherosclerosis
PCOS

Question 6

t1 and t2 diabetes symptoms

Answer 6

weight loss
fatigue
blurred vision
increased thirst
frequent urination
increased hunger

Question 7

pa and excercise prescription

Answer 7

regular PA
min 150-300 mind of MPA or 75-150 mins of VPA
muscle stregnthening activities at least 2 days a week
functional, balance and stregnth activities at least 3 days a week

Question 8

symptoms of hypoglycaemia

Answer 8

hunger
sweating
pale colour
dizziness
fatigue
blurred vision
trembling
increased pulse rate

Question 9

symptoms of hyperglycaemia

Answer 9

thirst
hunger
frequent urination
headache
sweating
sweet smelling breath
abdominal pain
nausea
confusiom

Question 10

health and safety for pa in diabetes

Answer 10

consult wider care team for individual needs etc
With contraindications (e.g. unstable angina,
hypoglycaemia…), pre-exercise medical clearance
required
༝ Light to moderate intensity activities like walking
or ADLs can be performed without need for
exercise testing
༝ ECG testing may be needed for sedentary DM
patients who want to do vigorous PA

Question 11

long term health consequences of diabetes

Answer 11

stroke
retinopathy
nepropathty
peripheral neuropathy
cardiovascular disease
peripheral vascular disease