cancer

Question 1

what causes cancer

Answer 1

cancer research 2023
smoking
processed meat
medical scans including x rays

Question 2

what is cancer

Answer 2

Normal cells – grow to their desired size, spread themselves out evenly and die when they should (apoptosis) in a very controlled way

Cancerous cells – grow as fast as they can (proliferation), do not follow the rules of apoptosis, mutate into less distinct looking cells (lose their differentiation)

Question 3

what causes cancer

Answer 3

mutations in DNA

Question 4

factors that can cause gene mutations

Answer 4

Smoking
Obesity
Hormones
Radiation
Viruses (e.g. HPV)
Pollution
Alcohol
UV exposure

Question 5

hormones

Answer 5

brown et al
Oestrogencan stimulate breast cancer cells and cause them togrow.

Risk of developing breast cancer rises slightly with the amount of oestrogenyour body is exposed to.

Question 6

how can PA help prevent cancer

Answer 6

Physical activity can reduce the amount of circulating hormones and inflammation
Physical activity and exercise lowers levels of hormones, such as oestrogen, androgen, insulin, leptin, and certain growth factors. Increased levels of all of these have been associated with breast cancer.

Boosting the immune system

Question 7

benefits of PA during cancer

Answer 7

Improve pain symptoms
Improve sleep
Improve immune response
Prevent and/or improve lymphoedema
Improve physical function
Reduce cancer-related fatigue
Improve cardiorespiratory function

Question 8

what pa cancer patients should do

Answer 8

150 minutes of aerobic excercise
2 times a week stregnth trainig
campbell et al