Diabetes Flashcards
How do you administer soluble insulin and when do they start acting?
Admin; s/c
Action; onset-30 to 60 mins after
Peak- 2to 4 hours
Last for abt 8 hours
What are the problems that may arise from taking soluble insulin sand how to solve them?
1.hypoglycaemia-due to overdose hence cease to take
2.pregnancy- more insulin/dose may be required
3.hepatic/renal impairment- reduce dose
4.Lipodystrophy-(losing fat in one area but having more in another), at the same time/c area
Name fast acting insulin drugs(type 1)
Insulin aspart
Insulin lispro
Insulin glulisine
*these avoids hexamer formation,their onset is fast hence may take directly b4 meal, but long acting insulin is required esp at night— no frequent waking up
Name intermediate acting insulins(type 1)
*usually precipitated with protamine(good 4 pregnancy) & zinc
1.Isophane insulin 2x daily…protamine suspension
2. Insulin zinc suspension 1x daily..30% amorphous,70% zinc
3.Biphasic insulin….short acting/soluble + isophane
Name long acting insulins
*Used 4 basal cover esp at night
1. Insulin glargine
2.insulin determic
3.insulin degludec….ultra long acting
What type of drugs do we use for type 2 diabetes?
1Sulphonylureas & meglinides…act on pancreas
2.Gliptins…act on GI tract
Name a sulphonylurea and meglinides drugs;
Sulphonylurea—GLICLAZIDE
Meglinides—REPAGLINIDE
Side effects; weight gain
CVS conditions
Hypoglycaemia
What are the two types of gliptin drugs?
- DPP-4 inhibitors—SITAGLIPTIN
X-gliptin
2.GLP-1 agonist—DULAGLUTIDE…cause weight loss
X-glutide
What are the 2 drugs used to treat a mix of type 1& type 2 diabetes
1.METFORMIN—targets the liver decreasing gluconeogenesis
2.PIOGLITAZONE— causes weight gain,water retention,heart failure
What type of drug is used to treat hyperglycaemia
GLIFLOZINS eg DAPAGLIFLOZIN
May cause wight loss,dehydration and worsen uti
*SGLT-2 inhibitors
*also used to treat type 2 diabetes
