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Pharmacology > Diabetes 1 > Flashcards

Diabetes 1 Flashcards

1
Q

diabetes is the number one cause of what

A

non-traumatic amputationkidney diseaseblindness

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2
Q

what is the cause of type 1 diabetes

A

auto-immune destruction of the pancreatic beta cellsorA virus that causes beta cell destruction

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3
Q

what is the cause of type 2 diabetes

A

insulin resistance in muscle and adipose tissueprogressive decline in pancreatic insulin secretionunrestrained hepatic glucose productionhormonal deficienciesmost common form of diabetes

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4
Q

what are the 3 signs of hyperglycemia

A

polyuriapolydipsiapolyphagiafatigue

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5
Q

what are some risk factors for becoming a type 2 diabetic

A

Overweight/obesesedentary lifestylefam hxcardiovascular diseaseHTNhigh triglycerides

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6
Q

what are risk factors for gestational diabetes

A

history of gestional diabeteshistory of infant with birthweight >9lbspolycystic ovary syndrome

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7
Q

When should you screen a person for diabetes?

A

asymptomatic people with BMI>or= 25kg/m in any adults who have one or more additional risk for DMTesting should start at 45

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8
Q

what do you do if the tests for diabetes are negative

A

test again at 3 year intervals

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9
Q

what is the A1c of a normal person

A

less than 5.7%

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10
Q

what is the A1C for a prediabetic

A

5.7-6.4%

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11
Q

what is the A1C for a diabetic

A

> or= to 6.5%

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12
Q

what is the fasting glucose level of a normal person

A

less than 100mg/dl

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13
Q

what is the fasting glucose level of a pre-diabetic

A

100-125mg/dl

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14
Q

what is the fasting glucose for a diabetic

A

> or=to 126mg/dl

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15
Q

what is the OGTT for a normal person

A

<140

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16
Q

what is the OGTT for a prediabetic

A

140-199

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17
Q

what is the OGTT for a diabetic person

A

> or=to 200

18
Q

what is the level for a random glucose for a diabetic

A

> or=to 200

19
Q

what is the A1C goal for most diabetic patients

20
Q

what would you give a patient who is determined to have prediabetes with a IGT, IFG or A1C of 5.7-6.4%?

21
Q

What criteria would you use to determine when to use metfromin with a patient

A

BMI>35kg/m60yo<women with prior GDM

22
Q

What are macrovascular complications of diabetes

A

Coronary artery diseaseHTNDyslipidemia

23
Q

what are microvascular complications

A

retinopathyneuropathynephropathy

24
Q

what are you going to prescribe patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes

A

Asprin 81mg dailymen>50women>60with one risk factor of fam hx of CVD,HTN, smoking

25
what are the treatment goals for diabetics with HTN
140/80ACE-1 or ARB
26
what is the goal for diabetics with dylipidemia
LDL<100Start statins
27
how would you manage a diabetic with retinopathy
manage HTN and glucoselaser treatment
28
how would you manage a diabetic with neuropathy
peripheralmanage HTNgabapentin, lyrica and cymbaltaAutonomic:PDE-5 inhibitorsreglan, erythromycinstool softeners
29
What else is another big thing that you want to reduce a diabetics risk of infection
Annual influenza vaccinepneuomococcal vaccine
30
what are non-pharmacological therapy for diabetes
exercise 30min for most days of weekchange dietavoid sat fats, carbs, sugarincrease fiber
31
what are complications that are associated with GDM
macrosomia (large baby)need cesareanshoulder dystocia and birth traumaneonate metabolic problemsperinatal mortalityHTN/preeclampsia
32
What are risk factors for GDM
>25 yooverweightFam Hx of DM2abnorm glucose metabolpoor obstretic outcomeschildren >9lbspolycystic ovarian diseaseLatino/hispanic, non-black, asain, native american, pacific islander
33
when do you screen for GDM
1st prenatal visit in a person with those risk factorsif a woman does not have known DM test using OGTT at 24-48 WEEKS
34
What is 1st line for GDM
diet modification and insulin
35
what oral agents can you NOT USE with GDM
biguanides and TZDs
36
What orals can you use with GDM
sulfonylureasglipizide and glyburide
37
what do you do with a woman who does have GDM
test them 6-12 week postpartumIf a woman does have GDM they should be screened every 3years for development of DM or prediabetes
38
when are type 1 DM diagnosed
3/4 are diagnosed before 18
39
what are the goals of treatment for children who have type 1
more lax with their treatment because they are at greater risk of hypoglycemia
40
what are the treatment goals for the elderly patients
functional cognitively intactlife expectancyA1C<8
41
what are difference of DM children respond to insulin compared to adults
changes in insulin sensitivity due to hormone changinggrowth patternssupervision at daycare

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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