DI

Question 1

What is the most common location in the equine tarsus for osteochondrosis to occur?

Answer 1

Distal Intermediate Ridge of the tibia

Question 2

Which phrase most suitably completes the following phrase: Retained cartilage cores…

Answer 2

Typically occur in the distal ulnar metaphysis, may be incidental and sometimes occur with ocular chondrodysplasia of Labs

Question 3

Osteochondrosis in dogs is most often seen in the following site:

Answer 3

Caudal aspect of the proximal humeral head

Question 4

What is the most likely cause of the unilateral right hip lameness in this 10 month old Chihuahua?

Answer 4

Legg-Calves-Perths Disease

Question 5

Complete the next sentence with its MOST correct answer. Enthesophytes form at:

Answer 5

the entheses of joint capsules, tendons and ligaments where their Sharpey’s fibres implant

Question 6

Radiographic signs of increased synovial volume will usually be seen in which of the following?

Answer 6

Ruptured cruciate ligament

Question 7

What is spondylosis deformans?

Answer 7

A disease of the entheses of the intervertebral disc

Question 8

Which intervertebral disc condition would be most likely correctly identified on a survey radiograph of the
spine?

Answer 8

Type II prolapse with a mineralised dorsal annulus

Question 9

a) What is lumbosacral stenosis:
b) What regarding it is true?

Answer 9

Narrowing of the spinal canal in the lumbar region
Part of the cauda equina syndrome

Question 10

What is the distinguishing radiographic feature of C6 in mammals?

Answer 10

Prominent transverse process

Question 11

Which 3 standard radiographic views are important for the evaluation of the equine navicular bone?

Answer 11

LM
DPrPaDiO (upright with grid)
PaPrPADiO (skyline of flexor surface)

Question 12

What central X-ray beam angle is required for the high coronary route of the navicular bone with the animal
standing on the image receptor?

Answer 12

45 degrees to the ground with 90 degrees to the foot wall

Question 13

Which radiographic view of the navicular bone gives the best images to evaluate the flexor surface of the
navicular bone and its cortico-medullary distinction?

Answer 13

PaPrPaDiO

Question 14

In racing horses with acute lameness localised to the fetlock joint, which of the following lesions requires
excellent radiographs to allow the lesion being seen?

Answer 14

Sagittal fracture of the distal condyle of the metacarpal metatarsal bones

Question 15

Osteochondral fragmentation (chip fracture) formation is most likely to involve:

Answer 15

The dorsal distal aspect of the radius
dorsoproximal and dorsodistal aspects of the radiocarpal bone
dorsoproximal and dorsodistal aspects of the intermediate carpal bone
and dorsoproximal aspect of the third carpal bone

Question 16

Which is the most frequent site of osteochondritis dessicans in the stifle?

Answer 16

The lateral trochlear ridge of the femur

Question 17

Bilaterally symmetric radiolucent regions in the toe margin of P3 in the horse, are most likely caused by:

Answer 17

Bilateral normal crenae marginalis

Question 18

Osteochondrosis of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) or metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is diagnosed most
frequently in which structure?

Answer 18

Subchondral region of MC/MT 3

Question 19

Splint disease in the horse is:

Answer 19

Injury to interosseous ligament

Question 20

Separation of proximal sesamoid bone fractures in horses is indirect evidence of disruption of the:

Answer 20

Suspensory apparatus

Question 21

Which of the following is/are the most common site/s of degenerative joint disease in the tarsus?

Answer 21

Tarsometatarsal joint
Distal intertarsal joint

Question 22

After a nail puncture wound to the navicular bursa, if initial radiographs are inconclusive, follow-up
radiographs should be taken when?

Answer 22

within 3-12 weeks or earlier

Question 23

The anticlinal vertebral body in the dog is:

Answer 23

T11

Question 24

The radiolucent line that surrounds the adult tooth is the

Answer 24

Peridontal membrane

Question 25

Which would be most likely correctly identified on a survey radiograph of the spine?

Answer 25

Type 2 prolapse with mineralised dorsal annulus

Question 26

List five (5) radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease:

Answer 26

1. Synovial effusion
2. Initial widening, then thinning, of the radiolucent joint space
3. Perichondral enthesophyte formation of non-weight-bearing surfaces
4. Increased subchondral bone opacity
5. Remodelling of subchondral bone
6. Mineralisation of intra-articular and periarticular soft tissues
7. Subchondral cyst formation (rare)
8. Subluxation (of the coxofemoral joint)

Question 27

What are the roentgen signs:

Answer 27

Size
Shape
Location
Margination
Number
Opacity
Function

Question 28

Measurements of hip dysplasia:

Answer 28

Penn hip (destraction index)
Norberg angle

Question 29

Aggressiveness determined by presence of one or more of the following:

Answer 29

Location
Periosteal reaction
Cortical destruction
Pattern of bone destruction
Zone of transition
Rate of change

Question 30

What is the distinguishing radiographic feature of C6 in mammals?

Answer 30

Extended plate of transverse process

Question 31

malunion fracture that bends ‘S’ the bone cranially and caudally is (a):
malunion fracture that bends ‘S’ the bone laterally and medially is (b):

Answer 31

a) recurvatum
b) translational

Question 32

Most common OCD lesion in a horse:

Answer 32

lateral trochlea ridge of femur