dgdfg Flashcards
What hormone is secreted by delta cells in the pancreas?
Somatostatin.
What is the role of somatostatin?
Suppresses both glucagon and insulin secretion and aids in food absorption.
What are the effects of insulin? List at least three.
- Promotes glucose uptake into cells
- Stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscles
- Inhibits gluconeogenesis
What are the effects of glucagon? List at least two.
- Stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver
- Promotes gluconeogenesis
What hormone does the kidney produce that influences calcium absorption?
Calcitriol.
What is erythropoietin (EPO) and its function?
Stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow in response to low blood oxygen levels.
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
A key regulator of blood pressure through sodium and water balance.
What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
Lowers blood pressure and blood volume by promoting sodium and water excretion.
What role does thymosin play in the body?
Crucial for the development and maturation of T lymphocytes (T cells) in the immune system.
What is leptin and its function?
A hormone produced by adipose tissue that regulates appetite.
What does osteocalcin influence?
Insulin production and sensitivity.
What hormones do the testes produce?
Androgens, primarily testosterone.
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Estrogens and progesterone.
What is the effect of calcitriol on calcium and phosphate?
Increases absorption in the digestive tract.
True or False: The pancreas only has exocrine functions.
False.
Fill in the blank: The pancreas secretes _______ into the duodenum.
[digestive enzymes]
What is the function of EPO?
Stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.
What role does renin play in the body?
Regulates blood pressure.
What hormone is released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?
Insulin.
What hormone raises blood glucose levels?
Glucagon.
What is the function of somatostatin?
Inhibits insulin and glucagon release.
What is the function of calcitriol?
Increases calcium and phosphate absorption, stimulates osteoclast activity, promotes calcium reabsorption.
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
A complex hormonal system regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
What is the precursor to angiotensin I?
Angiotensinogen.
