DF3 What's In Your Tank? Flashcards
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the general formula for alcohols?
CnH2n+1
What is the molecular formula?
The actual number of atoms in a molecule or element.
What is the empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.
What is the structural formula?
The arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds.
What is the skeletal formula?
The bonds of the carbon skeleton only.
What is the displayed formula?
The arrangement of atoms showing all the bonds and atoms in the molecule.
What is a homologous series?
A group of compounds that have the same functional group but each successive member has an additional CH2.
What are the two carbon skeleton tyoes?
Aromatic and aliphatic.
What do aromatic compounds have?
A benzene ring and sometimes a functional group or alkyl group coming from it.
What are alkyl groups?
Hydrocarbon branches with a general formula of CnH2n+1.
What are aliphatic compounds?
Straight, branched or non-aromatic chains that don’t contain a benzene ring.
What are alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2.
What does saturated mean?
A single bond with each carbon atom bonded 4 times with the maximum number of hydrogens possible.
What does unsaturated mean?
A double or triple bond with each carbon atom not bonded to its maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
CnH2n
What are cycloalkanes a functional group isomer of?
Alkenes.
What shape do alkanes form?
A tetrahedral shape.
Why do alkanes have a specific shape with specific angles?
As the electrons in the bonds repel each other equally.
What is catenation?
Where carbon bonds with itself to form strong covalent carbon-carbon bonds and give chains and rings of its atoms.
What are the prefixes in order?
Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec.
What are aromatic compounds called?
Arenes.
What is more reactive than the carbon-carbon bond in alkanes?
The double carbon-carbon bond in alkenes.
What are structural isomers?
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
