Devoir 1 - part 2 - Rewarding and praising children Flashcards
Some people believe that intelligence and ability can change over time with experience.
Dweck calls this ___?___. The goal of such people is not to prove their competence, but increase it, a strategy which refers to ____?____.
1- entity theory; performance-oriented goals
2- incremental theory; mastery-oriented goals
3- personal construct theory; anxiety
4- a central trait; personal attributes
2- incremental theory; mastery-oriented goals
Lepper’s study documented an important role of intrinsic motivation; which one is it ?
1- Students who pursue mastery goals display negative engagement in the task.
2- Students who pursue performance goals display positive engagement in the task.
3- Whatever goals were used (mastery or performance), the students were always bored.
4- All of the above
5- None of the above
5- None of the above
The discipline of psychology that considers the whole life span in its entirety (birth to death) is termed :
1- Social psychology
2- Developmental psychology (now termed lifespan development)
3- Clinical psychology
4- Personality psychology
2- Developmental psychology (now termed lifespan development)
Which of the following is the important general finding in the research by Lepper et al. (1973) on the effects of reward ?
1- Reward can motivate students to do better
2- Monetary reward is not effective
3- The effects of reward only last a short period of time
4- Reward can undermine initial interest in a behavior
4- Reward can undermine initial interest in a behavior
According to the strongest formulations of the behaviorist stance, what would be expected after a reward is promised to a child ?
1- We would expect that the more positive consequences follow from a given behavior, the more likely the organism is to repeat this behavior under similar circumstances.
2- We would expect that the more negative consequences follow from a given behavior, the more likely the organism is to repeat this behavior under similar circumstances.
3- We would expect that the less positive consequences follow from a given behavior, the more likely the organism is to repeat this behavior under similar circumstances.
4- All of the above
5- None of the above
1- We would expect that the more positive consequences follow from a given behavior, the more likely the organism is to repeat this behavior under similar circumstances.
Which among the following processes is not a process described by Carol Dweck ?
1- Process-directed praise
2- Product-directed praise
3- Person-directed praise
4- Self-directed praise
4- Self-directed praise
Clinton has a hard time consistently doing his homework. To help him out, his school teacher suggested that for every fifteen minutes Clint works on homework, his parents and teachers give a “plastic chip,” which he could then exchange for things he likes, such as ice cream,extra recess time, or television privileges. This rewarding strategy also used in therapy is called :
1- modeling
2- cognitive restructuring
3- token economy
4- contracting
3- token economy
- token economy => économie symbolique
Your audio text reports an experiment by Lepper et al. (1973) on the effects of reward. In the study, children were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: an expected reward condition, an unexpected reward condition, or a no reward condition. The children in the ______?______ condition were more likely to lose their initial interest in the task.
1- expected reward
2- unexpected reward
3- no reward
4- expected reward and no reward conditions
1- expected reward
Carol Dweck defines the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves (e.g.
intelligence) as :
1- Self-efficacy
2- Metacognition
3- Mindset
4- Mind map
3- Mindset
What percentage of US people asked by Dweck thought that praising children’s “self” or abilities was the most important cue in education ?
1- 25%
2- 45%
3- 65%
4- 85%
4- 85%
Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual’s life ?
1- Self-esteem
2- Self-concept
3- Self-awareness
4- Self-control
2- Self-concept
For ethical reasons, Dweck and colleagues could not address the children with negative feedbacks. Which of the following principle of the BPA’s ethical guidelines is especially involved in this case ?
1- Voluntary participation
2- Informed consent
3- Right to withdraw from the study
4- Right to confidentiality and privacy
5- No physical harm, deception or psychological stress
5- No physical harm, deception or psychological stress
According to Thorndike mentioned in the text, responses followed by a satisfying effect are strengthened and likely to occur again in a particular situation, but responses followed by a dissatisfying effect are weakened and less likely to occur again in a particular situation.” What principle does this statement describe ?
1- learned helplessness
2- extinction effect
3- the law of effect
4- the modeling effect
3- the law of effect
According to Carol Dweck, statements like ““Good girl”, or “You’re so clever”, could be characterized as ___?___.
1- Person-directed praise
2- Process-directed praise
3- Negative feedbacks
4- Backlash
1- Person-directed praise
Some people believe that personal qualities such as intelligence and ability are fixed and unchangeable; This belief makes such people anxious to prove that they are intelligent and able, and thus drives them to have performance goals. This definition refers to :
1- learning theory
2- implicit theory
3- entity theory
4- incremental theory
3- entity theory
