Devoir 1 - part 1 - Prejudices, stereotypes and discrimination (PSD) Flashcards
Carol, a mid-level manager at Pegasus Incorporated, has not received a promotion in the last three years despite good performance and good ratings at performance appraisals. If she were to be promoted, she would be the only female employee at top management level.
Carol seems to have hit:
1- the brick wall
2- the glass wall
3- the glass ceiling
4- the invisible ceiling
3- the glass ceiling
The idea that we find it useful to put people, ourselves included, into categories is an important assumption of ______?_______ theory.
1- just world
2- realistic group conflict
3- social identity
4- cognitive dissonance
3- social identity
According to film 9, what was Le Poultier’s main result ?
1- He showed that the same woman was described using different adjectives depending on the social roles described (her labeling as social worker or client).
2- He showed that the social worker was evaluated with the same adjectives as the client.
3- He showed that the social worker was evaluated with the same adjectives as the friends.
1- He showed that the same woman was described using different adjectives depending on the social roles described (her labeling as social worker or client).
Merging two organizations into one can result in a lot of problems between the two former organizational groups. What is the best way to reduce intergroup bias ?
1- Encourage personal contact between individuals and former out-group members (decategorization)
2- Distract attention from group differences (the color-blindness approach).
3- There is no uniformly best way to reduce intergroup bias.
4- Have the two groups share common goals, while they can simultaneously maintain their own social identity.
1- Encourage personal contact between individuals and former out-group members (decategorization)
“Us” versus “them” categorizations tend to create intergroup conflict. Part of the reason stems from the fact that a group may view itself positively and view other groups negatively. In social psychology, these groups are called :
1- dominant groups and subordinate groups
2- positive groups and negative groups
3- valued groups and devalued groups
4- ingroups and outgroups
4- ingroups and outgroups
Which of the following statements about stereotypes is FALSE ?
1- Stereotypes are forms of social categories
2- Stereotypes refer to the affective dimension of attitude.
3- Stereotypes are very limiting and can cause discrimination.
4- Stereotypes are sets of characteristics that people believe are true for all members of a particular social category.
2- Stereotypes refer to the affective dimension of attitude.
Discrimination in a minimal intergroup situation occurs on the basis of ______ ? :
1- History of conflict
2- Unjust distribution of resources
3- Simple categorization
4- Negative stereotypes
3- Simple categorization
This term is a bias which describes the tendency to favor one’s own group: we often do this as a way of maintaining self-esteem.
1- ingroup favoritism
2- ingroup derogation
3- outgroup favoritism
4- outgroup derogation
1- ingroup favoritism
____?____ attitudes are activated without awareness, whilst ____?____ attitudes are attitudes of which one is aware.
1- Inward; outward
2- Implicit; explicit
3- Outward, inward
4- Explicit, implicit
2- Implicit; explicit
In the 1930s a psychologist named Tryon performed an ingenious experiment. He took a litter of genetically identical mice, and « randomly assigned » them to one of two groups: “maze bright” and “maze dull.” He warned students to whom he gave the maze dull mice that they would be slow, make many mistakes, and learn poorly. He told students to whom he gave the maze-bright mice that these mice were fast learners, would make few errors, and were alert. After two weeks of « maze training », his predictions were dramatically proven right: Maze dull mice did miserably on maze tests; maze bright mice did great. Tryon concluded that the results had nothing to do with mice; the students communicated their “expectations” to the mice in the way they handled and encouraged the animals. This experiment provides strong evidence for :
1- Objective data gathering
2- Placebo-effects
3- Self-fulfilling prophecy
4- Minimal group paradigm
3- Self-fulfilling prophecy
“Real conflicts” (page 22) refer to “realistic group conflict theory” suggesting that prejudice arises :
1- where there is a long history of distrust between two groups
2- when a new group moves into an area
3- when groups fail to communicate clearly with each other
4- when groups compete for scarce resources
4- when groups compete for scarce resources
The idea that under certain circumstances, direct encounter between rival groups will reduce stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, is termed ________ ?
1- outgroup derogation hypothesis
2- ingroup favouritism hypothesis
3- contact hypothesis
4- uncertainty hypothesis
3- contact hypothesis
When a manager wants to recruit or promote someone, s/he can give preferential treatment to individuals with a similar educational, social or cultural background to him/herself and therefore, will choose someone of his/her network. This will give the manager the false impression that s/he will be able to control how the other person behaves. What processes are at work here ?
1- swing door effect
2- reproduction and cooptation
3- glass partition
4- glass ceiling
2- reproduction and cooptation
Marx described the oppressive hierarchy of hegemonic group(s) dominating negative reference groups. In his examples the bourgeoisie (owning class) dominate the proletariat (working class) by controlling capital (the means of production), not paying workers enough, and so on… Which theory referring to group-based social hierarchies in societies could have been influenced by Marxist’s ideas ?
1- Distinctiveness theory
2- Uncertainty Reduction theory
3- Terror Management theory
4- Social dominance theory
4- Social dominance theory
If an African-American woman has recently had her femininity made salient to her, she will think more of herself as a woman than as an African-American at that particular time. To what concept could you refer to describe this reaction ?
1- Uncertainty Reduction
2- Distinctiveness
3- Terror Management
4- Social dominance
2- Distinctiveness
