Devo Lect 16 - Circulation

Question 2

Vasculogenesis

Answer 2

Initial formation of blood vessels; basically need formation of tubes, heart pumping, and connections to the heart

Question 3

Differentiation in Vasculogenesis

Answer 3

Mesoderm cell; FGF2 makes it into hemagioblast; lineages split: angioblast becomes endothelial cell for vessels (VEGF), pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

Question 4

VEGF

Answer 4

Vascular endothelial growth factor; main GF in formation of blood vessels

Question 5

Steps in vasculogenesis

Answer 5

Yolk sac endoderm forms tube, blood islands form (hemangioblasts), endothelial cells and blood stem cells differentiate ?????

Question 6

Angiogenesis

Answer 6

Formation of blood vessels from pre-existing one; sprouting caused by VEGF; connections finished with other GF

Question 7

Understanding of blood vessel formation

Answer 7

cancer studies from Dr. Judah Folkmann; put piece of tumor in rabbit cornea which caused angiogenesis there; purified VEGF after 10 years

Question 8

Tumor-induced angiogenesis

Answer 8

Factors like FGF2, VEGF; tumors grow way faster with blood vessels (more nutrients, and wastes removed); also allow cells to metastasize because connections in vessels are loose

Question 9

Anti-angiogenesis factors

Answer 9

Angiostatin, endostatin, avastin (Ab to VEGF); most of body not undergoing angiogenesis (except uterus)

Question 10

Avastin

Answer 10

Antibody to VEGF; minimizes metastasis and increases survivorship

Question 11

Thalidomide

Answer 11

causes focalmelia in infant because it blocks angiogenesis; needs to be metabolized

Question 12

Gene therapy for VEGF

Answer 12

Dominant negative receptors, or therapeutic protein via adenovirus

Question 13

Problems with gene therapy for VEGF

Answer 13

Problems with wound healing, leaky blood vessels prone to hemorrhage