Deviance, Crime Flashcards
Deviance
when someone departs from a norm and has a negative reaction from others
personal ex. apparently hating on pizza with pineapples is the ‘norm’ but I have deviated from such ‘norms’ –> PINEAPPLE PIZZAS FOR THE WIN
Social Control
ways in which members of social groups express their disapproval of ppl and behaviour
Objective Character of Deviance
particular ways of thinking, acting, and being
Subjective Character of Deviance
the moral status accorded such thoughts, actions and characteristics
T/F: Deviance is not an intrinsic attribute –> product of social processes
TRUE
Moral entrepreneurs
people/groups that publicize/problematize wrongdoing and have the power to create and enforce rules to penalize wrongdoing
Moral panic
media fuelled public fear and overreaction lead authorities to label and express deviants
“Labeling Theory” (Becker) or “Making up People” (Hacking)
when people get criminalized through contact of the criminal justice system
The Other
image made by dominant culture to label the minority cultures
The Self is the ___________ and the Other is the _________
familiair;strange
racializing devicance
making ethnic/race background o characteristic of deviance
racial profiling
action undertaken for reasons of safety and security/public protection and relies on race/religion/colour stereotypes
Crime
deviance that breaks law
law
norm that is enforced by government
informal punishment
mild sanction imposed during face-to-face interaction –> JUDICIAL SYSTEM NOT INVOLVED
formal punishment
when the judicial system penalizes someone for breaking the law
social diversions
minor acts of deviance –> perceived generally harmless
social deviatons
noncriminal departures from norms –> some people make a big deal out of this, others don’t care as much
conflict crimes
illegal acts most people consider as BAD and harmful.
SOME ppl don’t think these acts are that harmful
consensus crimes
illegal acts –> everyone agrees its bad. ex. murder
- state gives severe punishment
criminology
study of crime causation, prevention and punishment
victimless
crimes where no victim steps forward and is identified
violent crimes
physical harm involved
property crimes
offences at someone’s property
crime rate
number of criminal incidents reported to police
white-collar crime
criminal offences involved misappropriation of financial resources
corporate crime
criminal offences made by organizations/employees during their employment
organized crime
two or more people planning something evil together
cybercrime
criminal activity using a computer
sidenote: can I hack into TopHat, and shut it down? would be amazing
Criminal Profiles” Sex
mostly males are accused (80%)
Criminal Profiles: age
15-24 years of age range are more prone to criminal behavior
hmmm well thenn
Criminal Profiles: Race
indigenous people compose for 27% in custody
Punishment: Deterrence
legal and criminological concept that punishment should prevent crime
Capital punishment
death. (penalty for criminal behaviour)
Rehabilitation
idea where punishment should reform criminals into better people
Parole
release of a prisoner BEFORE completion of a sentence on the promise of good behaviour
Prisonization (theory)
degradation of prisoners, prison life socialization and their inability to function effectively outside prison
Recidivism
prisoners who re-offend multiple times
Bodily behaviour (Michel Foucault)
regulation strategies that use power to reduce people into ‘docile’ bodies through punishment
–> basically making a person into a robot via punishment
surveillance
close observation
Restorative justice
approaches aimed to ensure criminal takes responsibility for their actions and that victim/community is restored to healthy state
Our current system is a system of ___________ _____________
retributive justice
retributive justice
based on punishment of criminals rather than rehabilitation THREE QUESTIONS ASKED: - what law was broken - who broke it - what punishment is warranted
What questions are asked in restorative justice systems?
- who was harmed?
- what are the needs/responsibilities of all affected?
- how do the parties together address needs and repair harm?
Durkheim
- indicated deviance comes from anomie
classic strain theory (merton)
causes of deviant behavior comes from patterns of social life –> external but affect individuals
Institutionalized goals
goals that we are supposed to aspire to in society
my goal is to not fail Soc 100
legitimate means
socially accepted way of getting wealth, power and prestige
What theories are part of Symbolic Interactionism?
- cultural support theory –> people become deviant due to learning experience
- labelling theory (becker)
- theory of stigma (goffman)
- the ‘other’
What theories come under Conflict Theory?
- criminogenic environments –> environments where laws privileging certain groups contribute to criminal behavior
- feminist perspective –> critical view on victimization/victim-blaming
