Developments in countryside Flashcards
Who was forcing collectivisation
Local party members forced into collective farms from 1929, often students from cities with support of OGPU and red army.
How many destroyed in quest to destroy kulaks
c15% of households and 150 000 forced to migrate north and east, some tried to avoid by killing their own livestock, more problems.
Collectivisation by 1930
25% should be collectivised by end of year, achieve in collectivising 58%, too fast though brief relaxation numbers return to 20%.
Second round of collectivisation
Restarted 1932, 100% by 1941.
Average quota of produce from a kolkhoz, selling produce
40%, could sett left over stuff from 1932, only free market permitted in USSR.
MTS
From 1931, 2500, one MTS for every 40 farms by 1940.
Mechanised farming
By 1935 95% threshing mechanised but many others not, things like weeding remained manual work, limited lorries by 1938 only around 200 000 compared to a million in the USA.
Resistance to collectivisation
c10 million died as a result of resistance, by 1939 around 19 million had migrated to towns.
Illegal production of food
People grow in private plots for markets, government decree allow it to continue happening est 70% of meat and milk produced this way in 1930s.
Famine
1932-34 caused by drought, Start in Ukraine, spread to Kazakhstan and parts of Northern Caucasus.
Success of collectivisation
Did feed the industrial workforce but at cost of peasants, agricultural production fell sometimes even to 1913 levels , 25 to 30% of livestock slaughtered by peasants between 1929 to 1933, political control over the countryside for the first time and caused unseating of politicians on the right so success for Stalin’s power.
