Developmental subdivisions of the brain

Question 1

Neural tube

Answer 1

made of cells and the interior is filled with fluid

the embryonic structure has subdivisions corresponding to the forbrain, midbrain and hindbrain

Question 2

Forbrain

Answer 2

frontal divison of the neural tube, containing the cerbal hemispheres, the thalamus and the hypothalamus

Question 3

Midbrain

Answer 3

middle division of the brain

Question 4

Hindbrain

Answer 4

rear divison of the brain, containing cerebellum, pons and medulla

Question 5

Name 5 subdivisions of the brain which are developed about 50 days after conception

Answer 5

1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
4. Metencephalon
5. Myelencephalon

Question 6

Telencephalon

Answer 6

will become the cerebral hemisphere, basal ganglia and the limbic system

Question 7

Diencephalon

Answer 7

include the thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 8

Metencephalon

Answer 8

will become the cerebellum and pons

Question 9

Myelenephalon

Answer 9

medulla

Question 10

Nuclei

Answer 10

aggregation of neurons

Question 11

Tracts

Answer 11

bundles of axons

Question 12

The basal ganglia is important for..

Answer 12

The basal ganglia is important for motor control

Question 13

The limbic system is .. that is involved in..

Answer 13

The Limbic system is a loosely defined, widspread group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network that is involved in emotion and learning

Question 14

The Thalamus is the brain region that surround the..

Answer 14

.. third ventricle

Question 15

The thalamus is the..

Answer 15

Communication center: receives information from lobes- gives them on to other brian area

Question 16

Where is the hypothalamus located

Answer 16

the hypothalamus is part of the diencephalon, lying below (hypo) the thalamus

Question 17

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 17

Regulating the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
Homeostasis: control of autonomic system-regulation of controlled/ motivated behaviors (eating, sleeping, sexual behavior, regulation of body temperature, blood pressure, emotions and secretion of hormones)

Question 18

The mesencephalon consits of 3 things

Answer 18

Tectum
Motor center
Reticular formation

Question 19

Tectum consits of..

Answer 19

a) Superior colliculum = process visual information

b) Inferior colliculi = process auditory information

Question 20

Motor centers consist of..

Answer 20

a) Substantia nigra = part of the basal ganglia

b) Red nucleus = communicates with motorneurons in the spinal cord

Question 21

What are the functions of the reticular formation

Answer 21

its functions are sleep, arousal, temperature regulation and motor control

Question 22

Name 3 layers the Cerebellum consits of

Answer 22

1. Parallel fibers (outer layer - molecular layer)
2. Purkinje cells (middle layer)
3. Granule cells (bottom layer)

Question 23

Name the function of the cerebellum

Answer 23

regulates motor movements coordination of voluntary movements (posture, balance, speech)
Motor memory

Question 24

What does pons mean?

Answer 24

Brücke= connecting midbrain to medulla

Question 25

Name the function of the pons

Answer 25

involved in the control of breathing, swallowing, communication, between parts of the brian and sensations such as hearing, taste and balance (basic body functions)

Question 26

Which transition does the Mylencephalon / Medulla do?

Answer 26

Makes the transition from the brainstem to the spinal cord

Question 27

Name the functions of the medulla

Answer 27

Plays a role in arousal, various nuclei of the reticular formation are involved in sleeping, attention, movement, muscle maintenance, cardiac and respiratory refelxes

Question 28

Pyramidial cell

Answer 28

pyramid-shaped cell body in layer 3 or 5

Question 29

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by meninges

Answer 29

1. Dura mater =outermost sheet 2. Pia mater =innermost sheet which adheres to the brain surface 3. Arachnoid =middle membrane which is spiderweb-like