Developmental Screening Tools ✅ Flashcards
What are the commonly used developmental screening tools?
- Denver II
- Griffiths MDS
- Bayley-III screening test
- PEDS
- PDQII
- ASQ
- M-CHAT
What ages is Denver II used for?
Birth to 6 years
What does the Denver II assessment allow?
Comparison with reference populations
How is Denver II interpreted?
The more tasks that 90% of the reference population, but not the individual child, achieved, the more likely the child has a developmental problem requiring further assessment
What equipment is required for Denver-II assessment?
- Ball to throw or kick
- Some one-inch cubes
- Cup
- Crayons
- Bell or rattle
- Some simple toys
What are the advantages of Denver II?
- Minimal equipment required
- Takes around 20 mins
- Quick and easy to learn
- Allows for parental report of items not observed in clinic
- Gives estimated age at which 25%, 50%, 75%, or 90% of children achieve a skull, which is useful as rough gauge of how child’s result compares to population
- Can be used to monitor progress over time
- Parents may find pictorial representation of progress helpful
- Screening can highlight children needing further evaluation
What are the limitations of Denver II?
- Does not detect subtle difficulties
- Single observation/assessment may miss problems
- Only covers up to 6 years of age
- Only detects around 50% of children with developmental need
What has happened to the use of Denver II?
Is has fallen out of use in many organisations
Is Denver II used as a screening tool of well children?
No
What does Griffiths Mental Development Scales (MDS) assess?
Multiple developmental domains
How can the scores from assessing the domains in the Griffiths MDS be interpreted?
They can be be combined to provide a general developmental quotient (GDQ), and separate subquotients (DQs) for each area of development
How many Griffith’s MDS are there?
Two - 0-2 years and 2-8 years
What subscales are there in the 0-2 Griffiths MDS?
- Locomotor
- Personal-social
- Language
- Hand-eye coordination
- Performance
What additional subscale is in the 2-8 Griffiths MDS?
Practical reasoning
What can Griffiths MDS be used for?
- Detailed overview of development at the time
- Monitor progress and response to interventions
What are the disadvantages of Griffiths MDS?
- Requires specific training and experience to use
- Needs different sets of test items for each scale
- Takes around an hour to administer, and longer to score and write report
Who uses Griffiths MDS?
Tends to be restricted to paediatricians and psychologists who specialise in developmental concerns
Who is the Bayley-III Screening Test used in?
Children aged 1-42 months who require more detailed evaluation
How long does the Bayley-III screening test take?
15-30 minutes
How long does the full Bayley-III take?
90 minutes
What is assessed by parental questioning in the Bayley-III test?
Social-emotional and adaptive behaviour
What is performance in the Bayley-III test compared to?
Others of the same age
Who is the Bayley-III used by?
Mainly by specialist paediatricians and researchers
Why is the Bayley-III mainly used by specialist paediatricians and researchers?
It requires extensive training to be able to perform it correctly
Where has the Bayley-III been used extensively?
In research projects
What does PEDS stand for?
Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS)
What ages is PEDS used for?
0-8 years
What is PEDS based on?
Reported abilities
What are the advantages of PEDS?
Very quick to administer
How many questions does PEDS have?
10
What does PEDS aim to cover/
Areas of concern about development, behaviour, and emotional/mental health
How can PEDS be performed?
As clinician-led interview or as self-report questionnaire by parent
What is the limitation of PEDS?
Although useful as a stimulus to discussion, cannot replace clinical examination and observation for evaluating development
What ages is PDQ II used for?
Birth-6 years
Who completes PDQ II?
Parents or carers, but requires brief initial explanation by clinician
How long does PDQ II take parents to complete?
Around 10 minutes
What is the PDQ II designed to do?
Highlight areas for the clinician to explore in more details
What ages is ASQ (Ages & Stages Questionnaire) used in?
4 months - 5 years
What is used for different ages with the ASQ?
A different proforma
What does ASQ cover?
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Problem-solving
- Communication
- Social
How many questions does the ASQ have?
30 (6 per aspect)
Who completes the ASQ?
Parents or carers along with clinician
How long does the ASQ take?
Around 15 minutes
How is the ASQ interpreted?
A score is created for each area, and there are cut-offs for ‘normal’ that can prompt further discussion or referral
What does M-CHAT stand for?
Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers
What is M-CHAT used for?
Clinical, research, and educational purposes
What is MCHAT specifically used to do?
Screen toddlers between 16-30 months to assess for autism
Is M-CHAT diagnostic for autism?
No, but identifies children who require further evaluation
What other assessment tools are used in neonates and infants?
- Neonatal behavioural assessment scale (NBAS)
- Bayley infant neurodevelopmental screener (BINS)
What other assessment tools are useful in pre-school child?
- Child development inventories (CDI)
- Paediatric symptom checklist
- Batelle developmental inventory screening test (BDIST)
What other assessment tools are useful in older children?
- Strengths and difficulties questionnaire
- Behaviour assessment system for children
