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psych111 > developmental psychology 2 > Flashcards

developmental psychology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

where does language and vision occur in the brain?

A

language - Broacas areas (frontal) wernikies area (temporal lobe)
vision - occipital lobe

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2
Q

whats the face and spoon experiment and its findings?

A

what - three spoons with things that imitated faces

findings - develop knowledge of what a face looks like quickly and can tell difference between mother and other women

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3
Q

how many genes do fraternal/dizogytic twins share?

A

50%

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4
Q

how much genes do monozygotic/indentical twins share?

A

100%

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5
Q

whats the correlation of personalities for twins?

A

-1 to 1

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6
Q

Whats cystic fibrosis?

A
  • sccaring and cysts in pancreas
  • purely genetic but environments can interact
  • recessive genes
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7
Q

Whats PKU

A
  • genetic disorder that is effected by diet
  • genes interact with environmental
    passed through ressecive genes
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8
Q

Whats complex behaviour they experiment, conclusions and inference?

A

experiment - breed active and non active mice
conclusions = activity in mice is controlled by genes (polygenetic)
active x active = increase in activity through generations
random = activity level remains the same through generations
inactive x inactive = decrease in activity levels across generations
interference - could human activity be to do with genes -> adhd

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9
Q

Whats the maze dull and maze bright experiment?

A

experiment - breed maze dull and maze bright mice through selective breeding. They then grow up in three different conditions then test them on there ability to make it through the maze
conclusion…
impoverished condition - Both have high mean errors
standard - maze dull have less mean errors then maze bright
enriched - both have low mean errors

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10
Q

environmental contributions to IQ

A
  • 40-70% of IQ is genes
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11
Q

conclusions of the environmental contributions to genes

A
  • genetics is the main factor
  • genetic influence on IQ increases as you age and environments change as interests and environments change
    genes = range of iq
    environment = determines where you end up in the range
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12
Q

schizophrenia - genes vs environment

A
  • shows that sharing genes increases chances of having it showing its mainly genetic. But even if you share no genes there a low chance that you’ll get schizophrenia from living in the same environment as someone with it showing it has an environmental component
    genes - hereditary disorder + environment - family factors, social class, parental insult and stress = schizophrenia
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13
Q

genes + environment =

A

behavioural phenotype

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14
Q

whats a teratogen and an example of one in the critical period

A

teratogen - effects development leading to abnormalities and death
thalidomide - antineusisea drug shuts down part of brain that tells the body to sleep. Effecting limb development by preventing new blood vessel growth
CP= day 24-49

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15
Q

whats the critical period

A

18-60

- time when biological/environmental effects impact development

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16
Q

whats fetal alcohol syndrome ?

A
  • alcohol reduces oxygen to the womb and interfere with metabolic hormone
  • CP = week 10 to birth
    causes - thin upper lip and short nose, flat mid face etc
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17
Q

whats imprinting?

A

when you form a connection and imprint of the first moving thing you see within the critical period
Lorenz - geese
geese CP= 13-16 hours
ducks Cp = 8-24 hours

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18
Q

What did Henry hallow experiment and what did he find? (monkey isolates)

A

experiment - isolated monkeys, got no physical touch
results
- deficit and social behaviour but cognitive abilities remained the same
- increased self directed stereotypical behaviours
- can be recovered if paired with a younger monkey within the critical period
-argues that the critical period for social development is over 12 months

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19
Q

What happened to Oxana Malaya ?

A
  • raised by dogs for 6 years

- social and language deficits

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20
Q

what is the sensitive period?

A
  • period where harmful effects can be altered by events
  • effects are less dramatic
  • begins and ends gradually
21
Q

What did Bowlby find about children attitudes and behaviours in foster care?

A
  • increased attention seeking behaviours
  • withdrawal
  • apathy
  • lower cognition and Iq
22
Q

What did Dennis find about how the age of adoption effects Childrens iq

A
  • experiment, adopted kids at different ages. before adoption had average IQ of 53 which is in the disabled range
  • under 2 = IQ almost doubled
  • over 2 = iq increase wasn’t substantial but increased into the normal range
  • experiment shows that the earlier you internet the better
23
Q

What did Harold skills experiment about moving children to foster homes find?

A
  • moved from Forster home to mother
    before (19 months) - in disabled iq range
    after adoption (37 moths) - normal iq range
    30 years after - normal life, normal iq
24
Q

what did Perry experiment when looking at the removal of kids from a neglectful situation?

A
  • the removal of kids from a younger ages and only after one or two years of neglect of abuse meant that there iq range would generally increase to normal iq but if children where in neglect for 4 years or more there was very little change in IQ.
    Cp - 2-4 years
25
Q

Whats the link to development and the average size of households?

A
  • over the years the average household size has decreased

- the amount of people in houses allows you to analyse impoverished or enriched environments

26
Q

what are conclusions about children growing up in orphanages?

A

that the sensitive period is 2-4 years
that social cognition and iq defats are acquired through neglect
can be recovered if fixed or removed from the situation within the sensitive period

27
Q

Whats the trend of abuse?

A

slightly increase but not significantly. has changed over the years

28
Q

What are three main points in relation to abuse?

A
  • high death rates
  • common when your younger
  • if your abused your more likely to become an abuser
29
Q

Whats the most common type of abuse and who’s the most common perpetrators?

A

common - neglect

  1. women 20-29
  2. women 30-39
  3. men 30-39
30
Q

whats a main factor that contributes to abuse?

A

the income gap - the higher the income gap the stronger the correlation to poverty
- moari individuals are over represented in abuse stats as they make up lots of the poverty rates within nz

31
Q

Whats shaken baby syndrome?

A

when a baby is shaken at a young age causing brain damage or death

  • strong correlation with abuse
  • very common
32
Q

what are costs for abuse in us

A

over 1million is spent on abuse but only $10 is spent for every abused child

33
Q

What is a gateway drug?

A

beer - vape - weed - MDMA

34
Q

whats the likelihood of using one drug leading to another ?

A

for whites its about 5.82 times more likely

- more likey for Asian/indiansa and Vietnamese

35
Q

whats the gateway hypothesis?

A
  1. sequences
  2. association
  3. causation
36
Q

what increases causal use of drugs

A
  • learning
  • risk factor
  • social norms - peer pressure
  • pharmaceuticals
37
Q

is cannibis a gateway drug?

A

mixed feelings

- people believe its more up to genetics and individuals charachtersistics and the validity

38
Q

Whats the correspondence between tattoos, piercing and risk taking behaviour?

A

if you have tattoos and piercings it increases the chance you’ll partake in risk taking behaviours
- younger you start the more likely

39
Q

Whats a possible cause of risk taking behaviour?

A
  • having fewer dopamine receptors in your brain meaning to feel normal you need to do dopamine inducing activities
40
Q

Where does risky behaviour occur in genes

A

DRD2 or DRD4 in chromosome 11

41
Q

what do twin studies in relation to drugs shows?

A

high genetic correlation

42
Q

If you use heavy weed how much more likely are you to use other drugs?

A

100% more likely

43
Q

What did Portugal do and what did they find?

A
  • CHANGED LAWs

- reduced deaths and reduced drug use except weed

44
Q

Whats sids and what causes it?

A
  • sudden death

- caused by smoking, moari, besmearing, poverty

45
Q

whats a c section and what does It do?

A
  • increases death and reduces bonding
46
Q

whats oxytocin?

A
  • love drug
    released at birth
    increases empathy
47
Q

what does an increase in oxytocin in males do?

A
  • increases contact leading to warmer parenting
48
Q

Does c sections effect bonding?

A
  • kinda as oxytocin is releases and not as many ares in the brain are activated when baby cries

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