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CNS development > Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Which developmental theme does the “mature pincer grap” and “mathematical reasoning” belong to?

A

Discontinuous development

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2
Q

What is described by the “Classical conditioning theory”.

A

A conditional stimulus evokes a response.
With associated learning

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3
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Reinforcement (Reward and Punishment)

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4
Q

Measuring Heart beat and stress hormones is part of which measuring methodology?

A

Psychobiological methods.

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5
Q

Social learning

A

Modelling & Imitation behaviour (Learning by watching the behaviour of others).

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6
Q

What are the four designs for developmental research?

A
  1. Natural observation
  2. Experimental method
  3. Natural experiment
  4. Developmental experiments
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7
Q

Is natural observation hard to interpret?

A

Yes.

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8
Q

The researcher mistakenly allows another variable to change along with the manipulated independent variable.

A

Procedural confounding factor

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9
Q

A measure designed to assess a particular construct inadvertently measures something else as well

A

Operational confounding factor

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10
Q

Children of different ages are tested at one moment in time. Which study design?

A

Cross-sectional design

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11
Q

The same set of children is tested repeatedly over a specific period. Which study design?

A

Longitudinal design

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12
Q

Children of different ages are tested at 2-3 different moments in time. Which study design?

A

Time-lag design.

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13
Q

Scenario: Loss of a loved one. Normative or non-normative confounding factor?

A

Non-normative confounding factor

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14
Q

Is the cohort effect a disadvantage of cross-sectional study design?

A

Yes. But also for time-lag study design

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15
Q

Which reflexes does a newborn have?

A
  1. Eye blinking
  2. Withdrawal
  3. Swimming
  4. Suckling
  5. Rooting
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16
Q

What are the stages in reaching and grabbing?

A
  1. Palm reflex/ Ulnar grasp
  2. Pre-reaching - from 2 months
  3. Reaching - from 3 months
  4. Radial Palmer grasp - from 6/7 months
  5. Pincer grasp (when bilateral coordination)
17
Q

Can you distinguish between the palmer and the pincer grasp?

A
  1. Palmer grasp (reflex)
  2. Radial Palmer grasp - 6/7 months
  3. Inferior pincer grasp - 9 months
  4. Pincer grasp - 12 months
18
Q

When does “Experience-dependent synaptic pruning” reaches its peak?

A

Play behaviour.

19
Q

What are the three steps in intermodal perception (sensory integration)

A

Birth: Uses senses independent of modality
3-4 months: Preference for items that fit together
5-6 months: Coordination between seeing & touching

20
Q

How can odor preferences be influenced?

A

Can be determined by what mother eats.

21
Q

What are the three sources of information to keep balance?

A
  1. Optical flow
  2. Proprioception
  3. Vestibular
22
Q

What sounds do babies prefer?

A

Complex sounds over pure tones.

23
Q

What are the three steps of auditory processing development?

A

0-7 months: Sensitive for musical phrasing
6-8. months: Filters out languages; Recognises common words from mothers tongue
8-9 months: Discovers syllabus co-occurring in the same word

24
Q

What are the three steps of vision development?

A
  1. 2 months: Focus & colour vision
  2. 2-6 months: Search & follow
  3. 6-7 months: Seeing depth
25
Q

What are the four patterns in face recognition?

A
  1. 3 weeks: Insensitive for contrast, preference for large simple patterns
  2. 2 months: Search for hallmarks in specific patterns & increased contrast
  3. 4 months: Recognition of patterns without clear borders
  4. 12 months: Recognition of items even when parts are missing
26
Q

What does the “differentiation theory” of visual perception state?

A

Babies…
… look for invariable items
… note stabile relations between items
… slowly start to differentiate between items

27
Q

What is understood by the term “preferential looking” (A) and what is it used for (B) ?

A

A. Novelty preference & familiarity preference
B. Habituation to examine memory

28
Q

Do babies prefer to look at units?

A

Yes, after 4 months.

29
Q

Is there a connection between preferential looking and self-awareness?

A

At 3 months preference for odd situation

30
Q

Explain the steps of depth recognition development.

A
  1. When starting to crawl, sense for depth
  2. 2-4 months: Binocular view, reaching & grabbing
  3. 5-8 months: Eye-body coordination
  4. 9-12 months: When standing increased awareness of depth
31
Q

Some fears can be acquired, give examples!

A

3 years: Strangers
4 years: Recognise themselves vs. parents leads to fear of separation
5 years: Use of logic and understanding leads to less fear in general

CNS development (7 decks)

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