developmental evolution Flashcards
what is evodeveo
field of biology to understand change in inidivuals organisms over time
descirbe the steps from mutations to diversty
- mutation in DNA
- change in development
- morphologica change
- divergence between species
- diversity
what is comparatve biology
differences between species or classes such as phyla
give some potetnial molecular changes that can take place
amino acids nonsense mutations genome size change HGT replication genome rearrangement
where can regulatory changes be found?
Binding sites in regulatory regions of the gene itself (cis)
A different gene (trans), for example one encoding a transcription factor
what sort of effects can DNA changes have
up or down regulation of gene activty
altered spatial patterns gene expression
altered timing of development
more than one effect
define heterochrony
altered timing of developmental events
how does the microscope analygy work
says that important evolutionary changes are more likely to make things better using the fine focus
what size steps does evolution work in
small ones as the organisms is already semi fit so dont want to change much
what is nucleotide polymorpism
measure of diversity calculated from many samples from one population or species
what does a cis regulatory change do
alter the level od expression of a transriptional factor
what are regulatory regions of dna used for?
important for developmental evolution
what can disrupt gene flow
geographic and reproductive barriers
types of reproductive barriers
prozygotic and postzygotic
what is a prezygotic barrier
reduce the change of a zygote
what is a postzygote barrier
prevent fertilisation of the zygot for forming or developing
define allopatric speciation
geographically isolated populations evolve independnt due to drift or mutation or selection
