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Oral Pathology > Developmental Disorders > Flashcards

Developmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

commissural lip pits occur in what % of adults?

A

12-22%

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2
Q

how big are commissural lip pits?

A

1-4mm

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3
Q

are pits around the lip that are ASYMPTOMATIC and INNOCULOUS

A

commissural lip pits

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4
Q

is tx needed for commissural lip pits?

A

no

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5
Q

rare anomaly of a redundant fold of tissue on the mucosal side of the lip

A

double lip

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6
Q

how does someone aquire a double lip?

A

can be congenital or aquired through trauma

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7
Q

when do you see a double lip

A

usually only becomes noticable when the pt smiles

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8
Q

do you need to tx a double lip?

A

only for esthetic purposes

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9
Q

ectopic sebaceous glands that occur on the oral mucosa (sweat glands) that are multiple small yellow or whitish-yellow papules

A

fordyce granules

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10
Q

are fordyce granules common?

A

YES

present in 80% of the population

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11
Q

where are the two most common locations for fordyce granules

A
  • buccal mucosa

- upper lip vermillion

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12
Q

are fordyce granules seen more in adults or children

A

adults

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13
Q

is treatment necessary for fordyce granules?

A

no

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14
Q

diffuse grayish or milky which appearance to oral mucosa, with surface folds or wrinkles
*is a fluid accumulation within the epithelial cells of the spinous layer

A

leukoedema

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15
Q

where is the most common location for leukoedema?

A

buccal mucosa and often they are bilateral

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16
Q

is leukoedema common?

A

yes especially with people with more melanin on their skin as well as smokers

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17
Q

how do you confirm the dx of leukoedema?

A

the whitish appearance disappears when the mucosa is stretched/distended

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18
Q

uncommon condition of a very small tongue

A

microglossia

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19
Q

complete absense of a tongue

A

aglossia

*EVEN MORE RARE than microglossia

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20
Q

uncommon enlargement of the tongue that is either congenital or aquired

A

macroglossia

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21
Q

what most frequently causes macroglossia?

A

down syndrome

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22
Q

also known as tongue tied, it is an abbreviated or absent lingual frenum

A

ankyloglossia

*speech problems are probably exaggerated (human body often self corrects)

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23
Q

how common is ankyloglossia?

A

2-4% of neonates

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24
Q

rare developmental problem due to failure of migration of thyroid anlage (primative thyroid gland)

A

lingual thyroid

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25
Q

what is associated with a lingual thyroid

A

mass develops in foramen cecum

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26
Q

is a lingual thyroid more associated with M or F

A

females

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27
Q

what is used to make the dx for lingual thyroid?

A

radioactive iodine scan

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28
Q

for which gender should we consider excision of a lingual thyroid?

A

males

*these are more common in females but if they occur in males there is a greater chance for malignancy

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29
Q

are fissured tongues seen more in kids or adults?

A

almost exclusively in adults

*no tx necessary

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30
Q

common condition that is an elongation of the filiform papillae of the dorsal tongue (accumulation of keratin)

A

coated tongue (hairy tongue)

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31
Q

what is a coated tongue usually associated with ?

A

smokers

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32
Q

for a coated tongue, what can cause the papillae to become discolored?

A
  • pigment producing bacteria

- staining from tobacco

33
Q

due you need to tx a hairy tongue?

A

not unless the pt wants it, it is asymptomatic and harmless

34
Q

abnormally dilated and tortuous veins often seen in older adults

A

varix

35
Q

what causes varix

A

secondary to age-related degeneration or laxity in elastic support of vessel walls

*may become secondarily thrombosed

36
Q

where are the common sites of varix?

A
  • ventral and lateral tongue
  • buccal mucosa
  • labial mucosa
  • lip vermillion
37
Q

how do you determine if a vein is varixed?

A

perform a diascopy by applying pressure and observing color changes (vascular lesion will blanch)

38
Q

common vascular anomally in which a main arterial branch extends superficially without reduction in its diameter (seagull in flight)

A

caliber-persistant artery

39
Q

in what age groups do caliber-persistant arteries normally arise?

A

older adults

40
Q

where are the most common sites for caliber-persistent arteries?

A

exclusively on lip mucosa

*upper more often than lower

41
Q

is tx needed for a caliber persistant artery?

A

no

42
Q

benign bony protuberances that are symptomatic unless secondarily traumatized

A

exostoses

43
Q

what are the three common types of exostoses?

A
  • buccal exostoses
  • torus palatinus
  • torus madibularis
44
Q

is tx needed for exostoses?

A

no, unless it is exposed to trauma repeatedley or if needed for fabrication of a removable prosthesis

45
Q

asymptomatic, well-demarcated radioleucency below the mandibular canal in the POSTERIOR mandible

A

stafne defect

46
Q

what helps to confirm the dx of a stafe defect

A

CT scan

47
Q

how does the stafne defect affect teeth?

A

should not affect them at all! does not involve teeth, only bone

48
Q

rare soft tissue cyst involving the upper lip, lateral to midline, along the nasolabial groove

A

nasolabial cyst

49
Q

what is associated with a nasolabial cyst?

A

the ala of the nose may be elevated

50
Q

nasolabial cysts involve more males or females?

A

3:1 female predominance (10% bilateral)

51
Q

is there any bone involvement on a nasoalbial cyst?

A

nope, only soft tissue

52
Q

what is the lining of a labial cyst?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial lining

53
Q

most common non-odontogenic developmental cysts of the jaws

A

incisive canal cyst (nasopalatine cyst)

54
Q

what does an incisive canal cyst develop from

A

epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct

55
Q

where does an incisive canal cyst come from?

A

at the apices of (usually vital) max central incisors

56
Q

how do you cure an incisive canal cyst?

A

simple curettage

57
Q

when the incisive canal cyst only involves soft tissue

A

cyst of the incisive papilla

*rare

58
Q

common cyst characterized by production of orthokeratin by a cystic lining that resembles the epidermis. usually affects the skin (face or back)

A

epidermoid cyst / milia

59
Q

how do you treat an epidermoid cyst

A

simple excision

60
Q

very small epidermoid cysts that often occur in clusters/multiple periorbital location

A

milia

61
Q

how do you tx milia?

A

dont need to

they resolve spontaneously by self-marsupialation (popping pimples)

62
Q

uncommon cyst that is lined by epidermis-like epithelium and a cyst wall that contains adnexal elements (hair follicles, sebacceous glands)

A

dermoid cyst

63
Q

is a benign cystic form of teratoma (normal derivatives of all four germ layers)

A

dermoid cysts

64
Q

where is the most common location for dermoid cysts

A

floor of the mouth usually midlines

65
Q

what happens if a dermoid cyst is above the geniohyoid ?

A

hard to swallow

66
Q

what happens if a dermoid cyst is below the geniohyoid

A

looks like a double chin

67
Q

what is the tx of a dermoid cyst?

A

surgical excision

68
Q

rare cyst that is found in the midline of the neck that arises from the remnants of the thyroglossal tract

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

* looks like an adam’s apple

69
Q

what age group most often has thyroglassal duct cysts

A

50% occur before the age of 20

70
Q

how large are thyroglossal duct cysts?

A

2-10cm

71
Q

thyroglossal duct cysts have a HIGH recurrence unless treated by what?

A

sistrunk procedure (surgical excision with portion of the hyoid bone)

*1% malignant transformation

72
Q

cervical variant of lymphoepithelial cyst that presumablby arises from remnants of the branchial clefts that results in fluctuant swelling of the lateral neck

A

branchial cleft cyst

73
Q

where are most branchial cleft cysts?

A

LEFT SIDE

anterior to the SCM

74
Q

1/3 of branchial cleft cyst pts develop what?

A

fistula tract

75
Q

how do you tx branchial cleft cyst?

A

surgical removal (minimal recurrence)

76
Q

cyst that arises form epithelial rests trapped in oral lymphoid tissue involving waldeyer’s ring or accessory lymphoid aggregates
-soft to firm, white-yellow nodule usually less than 1cm and asymptomatic

A

oral lymphoepithelial cyst

77
Q

where are oral lymphoepithelial cysts located?

A

floor of the mouth (50%), ventrolateral tongue, tonsillar pillar

78
Q

how do you treat oral lymphoepithelial cysts?

A

surgical excision

Oral Pathology (9 decks)

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